从宏观预期到权益配置思路 证券研究报告|专题报告 金融工程 2025年11月23日 ——普林格周期资产配置的拓展 证券分析师： 李杨 执业证书编号： S0210524100005 熊晓湛 执业证书编号： S0210524100006 华福证券 华福证券 投资要点 ➢ 普林格周期：以价格与风格轮动反推宏观周期： 根据市场价格与风格轮动特征，我们对宏观周期进行了反向刻画。结果显示，2025 年以来市场整体位于"复苏末期"阶段。 然而，仅依赖市场数据反推出的宏观状态在确定性上仍存在一定不足，因此我们进一步引入宏观经济数据作为补充维度。 ➢ 宏观趋势信号（TS）： 我们通过多轮交叉验证，从多项宏观经济指标中筛选出最具解释力的变量，并将其综合构建为一个新的宏观趋势信号（Trend Score, TS），用于识别宏观环境的"积极"与"谨慎"状态。 研究显示，宏观趋势信号（TS）与普林格周期均对权益市场的表现具有一定的预测能力，相互之间能够形成互补。 ➢ 基于上述两个宏观维度的验证： 我们设计了一套情景化的资产配置体系：在不同宏观状态下选择不同宽基指数，并进一步融入"牛市初期偏电子与券商、后 期偏顺周期"等较为成熟的行业配 ...

Group 1 - The report highlights a decline in social financing growth, with government bonds contributing negatively, while corporate bonds show strong performance [2][21] - There is a recovery in medium to long-term loans for residents, supported by new policy financial tools introduced by the end of September [2][22] - The M2-M1 spread has narrowed to a new low, indicating an increase in the liquidity of funds, driven by market risk appetite and the performance of the equity market [2][22] Group 2 - The PPI has shown a narrowing decline, indicating a potential entry into an upward cycle, with various macro policies yielding positive effects [4][28] - The CPI remains negative, primarily due to falling food prices, while core CPI shows resilience with a slight increase [4][30] - The report suggests that the PPI may turn positive in the first half of 2026, depending on the effectiveness of policies and improvements in demand [4][29] Group 3 - The titanium dioxide industry is closely linked to domestic demand and real estate, with opportunities remaining in external demand despite anti-dumping investigations [8][36] - The industry has a significant portion of outdated capacity, with about 20% of production facilities over 20 years old [8][37] - The report recommends focusing on leading companies with integrated operations, such as Longbai Group, which has a comprehensive titanium supply chain [8][37] Group 4 - Juhua Co., Ltd. is positioned to benefit from the rising demand for refrigerants, with a projected CAGR of 8.7% in revenue and 20.4% in net profit from 2013 to 2024 [10][32] - The company holds a leading market share in the production of third-generation refrigerants, with a production quota of 271,000 tons for 2025 [10][33] - Juhua's diverse product portfolio includes fluorinated chemicals and advanced petrochemical materials, enhancing its competitive edge in the market [10][34]

Core Viewpoint - The article analyzes the economic cycle in the U.S. from June 2004 to July 2025 based on the Pring cycle classification, indicating that leading indicators are bottoming out and recovering, while coincident indicators are slightly weakening, and lagging indicators remain resilient. Future attention should be on the status of coincident indicators to determine the economic cycle's progression [4][41]. Group 1: U.S. Economic Cycle Analysis - The U.S. economic cycle is divided into six stages based on leading, coincident, and lagging indicators, with specific characteristics for each stage [7][11]. - As of July 2025, if the loose monetary policy improves the fundamentals and coincident indicators rise, the economy may enter the second or third stage of recovery; otherwise, it may face stagflation risks [4][16]. - The asset rotation pattern shows that during the recovery phase, equities outperform commodities, while in the stagflation phase, commodities exhibit anti-inflation advantages [4][17]. Group 2: Comparison of U.S. and China Economic Cycles - Both the U.S. and China are currently in a phase where leading indicators are rising, but the U.S. faces weakening coincident indicators, while China is in a low-level bottoming process [5][21]. - If leading indicators rise significantly in both countries, it could lead to a synchronized recovery phase; otherwise, the U.S. may enter stagflation, and China may remain in a weak economic state [5][22]. - The sensitivity of domestic assets to U.S. indicators is highlighted, with commodities responding more to U.S. coincident indicators, while the Shanghai Composite Index is more sensitive to domestic indicators [6][42]. Group 3: Asset Performance and Strategies - The article outlines that during different stages of the economic cycle, various asset classes perform differently, with equities leading during recovery and commodities performing well during stagflation [4][17]. - Quantitative CTA strategies perform best during periods of synchronized rising leading indicators, suggesting a potential increase in returns and the necessity for such strategies in the current market environment [6][43]. - The performance of major asset classes from June 2004 to July 2025 is summarized, showing varying returns across different economic phases [20][41].

Group 1: Key Recommendations - The report highlights the potential of Zhongtian Rocket (003009) as a leading player in the small solid rocket industry, driven by increasing demand for rain enhancement and hail prevention rockets, supported by government policies and a growing domestic market [4] - Silver Dragon Co., Ltd. (603969) is recommended due to its increasing revenue from high value-added products, with a projected revenue growth of 21% CAGR from 2025 to 2027, indicating strong growth potential [6] Group 2: Financial Projections - For Zhongtian Rocket, the expected revenue for 2025-2027 is 1,033.08 million, 1,309.47 million, and 1,662.34 million CNY, with net profit projections of 75.54 million, 156.05 million, and 218.25 million CNY, reflecting significant growth rates [4] - Silver Dragon's projected revenue for the same period is 3.8 billion, 4.7 billion, and 5.6 billion CNY, with net profits expected to reach 370 million, 600 million, and 800 million CNY, indicating a robust growth trajectory [6] Group 3: Market Dynamics - The report notes that the demand for small unmanned precision weapons is increasing due to global instability, which is expected to drive the performance of Zhongtian Rocket [4] - Silver Dragon is positioned to benefit from the growing demand for pre-stressed materials, with a focus on expanding its international business, particularly in Russia [6] Group 4: Investment Strategy - The non-bank financial sector is highlighted as having underperformed, presenting a potential opportunity for investors to reposition their portfolios [7] - The strategy report suggests a rotation into three ETFs, emphasizing the importance of mid-cap indices and the ChiNext index, which are expected to outperform in the current market environment [8]

Core Insights - The report emphasizes the significance of macroeconomic conditions on style allocation, utilizing three mainstream ETFs for monthly rotation trading, which has consistently outperformed benchmarks in backtesting [1] - Looking ahead to Q4, with the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts almost certain, and expectations of declining export growth, the financial environment is expected to improve while economic momentum slows, indicating a preference for the CSI 2000 and ChiNext Index [1] Group 1: Merrill Lynch Clock Method - The traditional Merrill Lynch clock divides the economic cycle into four stages: recovery, overheating, stagflation, and recession, with the recovery phase favoring the CSI 2000 and ChiNext Index [2] - A simulated portfolio based on the Merrill Lynch clock from 2014 to present achieved a cumulative return of 379.9%, with an annualized return of 14.4% and an information ratio of 0.44 [2][24] - For Q4, the combination of marginal economic slowdown and low prices is likely to continue, prioritizing the ChiNext Index and CSI 2000 [2] Group 2: Pring Cycle Method - The Pring cycle categorizes the economic cycle into six stages, with the recovery early stage favoring the CSI 2000 and ChiNext Index [3] - A simulated portfolio based on the Pring cycle from 2014 to present achieved a cumulative return of 282.4%, with an annualized return of 12.2% and an information ratio of 0.27 [3][43] - In Q4, leading indicators are expected to continue rising, while synchronous indicators may fluctuate, suggesting a preference for the CSI 2000 [3] Group 3: Macro-Friendly Scoring Method - The macro-friendly scoring method combines the Merrill Lynch cycle, inventory cycle, and financial cycle to create a unique indicator that provides clearer insights into the economic cycle state [4] - The report anticipates that the three cycles will resonate positively in the next six months, favoring growth styles [4] Group 4: Investment Recommendations - Given the expected interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve and the anticipated decline in export growth, the report suggests that the CSI 2000 and ChiNext Index have high allocation value [5]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Pring Cycle - **Model Construction Idea**: The Pring Cycle is an upgraded version of the Merrill Clock, incorporating financial data to enhance the predictive accuracy of asset allocation recommendations. It defines financial indicators as leading indicators, real economy indicators as coincident indicators, and price indicators as lagging indicators. These three groups of indicators form six economic states, each corresponding to specific asset allocation strategies [9][10][11] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. Leading indicators include M2 growth and new social financing, filtered for cyclical factors to observe trend components [14] 2. Coincident indicators include real estate investment and export growth, also filtered for cyclical factors [14][22] 3. Lagging indicators include CPI and PPI growth, filtered similarly [14][28] 4. The model identifies the current economic state based on the trends of these indicators. For example, the "Recovery" state is characterized by rising leading indicators, stable coincident indicators, and declining lagging indicators [10][11] - **Model Evaluation**: The model improves upon the Merrill Clock by incorporating financial data, but it cannot fully capture real economic states during extraordinary events [13] 2. A-Share Pricing Framework - **Model Construction Idea**: The pricing framework integrates short-term fundamentals, long-term confidence, and required return rates to determine the reasonable valuation range of A-shares. It emphasizes the PB-ROE relationship for valuation assessment [52][56] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. Decompose stock returns into components: dividend yield, net asset growth, and valuation changes [56] 2. Use a two-stage DDM model to calculate reasonable PB values: $$PB_{current} = ROE_1 \times d_1 \times \sum_{t=1}^{T} \frac{(1+g_1)^{t-1}}{(1+R_f+R_p)^t}$$ $$PB_{stable} = \frac{ROE_2 \times d_2}{1+R_f+R_p-g_2} \times \frac{(1+g_1)^T}{(1+R_f+R_p)^T}$$ where \(ROE_1\) and \(ROE_2\) are the return on equity for the current and stable growth phases, \(d_1\) and \(d_2\) are dividend payout ratios, \(g_1\) and \(g_2\) are growth rates, and \(R_f+R_p\) is the required return rate [56][57] 3. Historical calibration suggests an 11-year duration for the first growth phase, with ROE assumptions adjusted for optimistic, neutral, and pessimistic scenarios [58] - **Model Evaluation**: The framework effectively captures valuation dynamics, but short-term ROE fluctuations introduce uncertainty [56][58] 3. Interest Rate Pricing Framework - **Model Construction Idea**: A three-factor model for long-term government bond yields, incorporating policy rates, inflation expectations, and growth expectations [59] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. Represent policy rates using one-year interbank CD rates, inflation expectations using CPI growth, and growth expectations using PMI levels [59] 2. Regression analysis reveals the relative importance of these factors: monetary policy > inflation expectations > growth expectations [62][63] 3. Additional analysis links bond yields to housing prices, reflecting cyclical economic drivers [67][69] - **Model Evaluation**: The model highlights the dominant role of monetary policy but acknowledges limitations in capturing short-term market dynamics [63][67] 4. Gold Pricing Framework - **Model Construction Idea**: Gold pricing is influenced by its commodity, financial, and monetary attributes, with monetary factors being the most consistent driver [74][75] - **Model Construction Process**: 1. Historical analysis identifies three gold bull markets driven by different factors: inflation and oil prices (1971-1980), financial crises and low real rates (2001-2011), and de-globalization and central bank purchases (2019-present) [74] 2. Introduce a valuation metric: - Pre-2022: Global gold reserves × gold price / US M2 - Post-2023: Global gold reserves × gold price / weighted M2 of reserve currency countries (USD, EUR, GBP, JPY, RMB) [80] - **Model Evaluation**: The framework effectively captures long-term trends but faces challenges in predicting short-term price movements [78][80] --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Pring Cycle - Current state: Recovery phase, favoring equity assets [35] 2. A-Share Pricing Framework - Reasonable PB range for CSI 800: 1.36-1.55 - Expected annual return: 5%-9% [58][59] 3. Interest Rate Pricing Framework - Predicted 10-year government bond yield: 1.36%-1.51% - Yield corridor: ±1.5 standard deviations around the central estimate [72][73] 4. Gold Pricing Framework - Current valuation percentile: 39% (10% below the median) - Long-term upward potential remains [80][82] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Style Factors - **Value Style**: - ROE: 9.14% - PB range: 0.9-0.95 - Expected return: 6%-8% [96][100] - **Growth Style**: - ROE: 12.48% - PB range: 1.69-3.24 - Expected return: -7%-13% [103][108] - **Small-Cap Style**: - ROE: 5.99% - PB range: 0.65-1.82 - Expected return: Low [111][116] - **Large-Cap Style**: - ROE: 10.21% - PB range: 0.92-1 - Expected return: 0%-2% [119][123] - **Quality Style**: - ROE: 14.23% - PB range: 2.34-5.35 - Expected return: 8%-39% [128][131] - **Dividend Style**: - ROE: 9.09% - PB range: 0.83-0.87 - Expected return: 11%-12% [134][138] --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Value Style - Historical PB-ROE alignment indicates moderate valuation [100][102] 2. Growth Style - High ROE volatility leads to wide valuation ranges [108][110] 3. Small-Cap Style - Valuation driven more by liquidity than fundamentals [113][117] 4. Large-Cap Style - Valuation closely tied to fundamentals, with limited upside [123][127] 5. Quality Style - Significant valuation recovery potential [131][133] 6. Dividend Style - Stable valuation with moderate upside [138][140]

Group 1: Macro Strategy and Market Trends - The report indicates a rebound in social financing, with July's social financing scale increasing by 1.16 trillion yuan, which is 389.3 billion yuan more than the same period last year [21] - The report highlights that the M1 and M2 monetary aggregates have shown a year-on-year increase, indicating a recovery in excess liquidity [21] - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring the progress of US-China trade agreements and the performance of mid-year earnings reports [21] Group 2: Fixed Income and City Investment Bonds - As of August 12, 2025, the scale of city investment bonds planned for early redemption since 2025 is 55.8 billion yuan, showing a slowdown in the redemption pace compared to previous peaks [22] - The report notes that private placement bonds have a higher proportion of planned face value redemptions (61.23%) compared to public bonds (45.24%) [22][23] - The trend of redeeming bonds at face value has shifted, with issuers now more likely to offer fairer prices such as face value plus compensation [22] Group 3: Yellow Wine Industry - The report suggests that the yellow wine industry is poised for revival, driven by leading brands adopting high-end, national, and youth-oriented strategies [6] - It highlights that the market share of ancient yellow wine brands outside Jiangsu and Zhejiang has increased from 27% in 2018 to 43% in 2024, indicating successful national expansion [6] - The report recommends focusing on two leading yellow wine brands, Kuaijishan and Guyuelongshan, which have made significant progress in high-end and national strategies [6] Group 4: Company-Specific Insights - Industrial Fulian reported a sales revenue of 360.76 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 35.58% [9] - The company anticipates a net profit of 121.13 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, with a forecasted increase to 500 billion yuan in 2026 [9] - Weixing New Materials reported a revenue of 2.078 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year decline of 11.33%, but maintained a significant cash dividend of 157 million yuan [28][29]

Group 1 - China Ping An's acquisition of China Pacific Insurance H-shares signals a significant event in the insurance sector, with Ping An increasing its stake by approximately 1.74 million shares at a price of HKD 32.07 per share, totaling around HKD 55.84 million, thus holding about 5.04% of China Pacific's H-shares [2] - Following this acquisition, China Pacific's H-shares surged nearly 7%, while its A-shares rose close to 6%, indicating a strong market reaction and renewed investor interest in insurance stocks [2] - The overall insurance sector saw a boost, with the A-share insurance index rising over 4% and the Hong Kong insurance index increasing by over 3%, contributing to a temporary breakthrough of the Shanghai Composite Index above 3700 points [1][2] Group 2 - Reports from Reuters indicated that the U.S. has secretly embedded trackers in AI-related chips to monitor their shipment to China, which has reignited interest in domestic alternatives, leading to a 12% surge in Cambricon's stock and a 14% increase in Haiguang Information's stock [4] - The AI sector is experiencing significant growth, with the importance of computing power being emphasized, as evidenced by the National Development and Reform Commission's announcement of advancements in digital infrastructure, including a projected 4.55 million 5G base stations by mid-2025 [5] - The computing power industry is expected to maintain high growth rates, supported by ongoing competition and iteration in AI large models, as indicated by the positive performance forecasts from companies in the computing power chain [5] Group 3 - The overall market sentiment is improving, with the Shanghai Composite Index reaching a new high since December 2021, and trading volume exceeding CNY 2.1 trillion, reflecting increased market activity [6] - Financing balances are on the rise, with an increase of nearly CNY 11.7 billion, reaching CNY 2.032 trillion, indicating a growing risk appetite among investors [6] - Economic indicators such as M1 and M2 have shown year-on-year increases, with M1 growth at 5.6%, suggesting a favorable environment for stock market investments [6]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report emphasizes that identifying performance turning points is crucial for the market to emerge from the bottom-seeking phase, with market bottoms typically appearing 1-2 quarters ahead of performance turning points [4] - The report highlights that while the Plinger synchronous indicators are essential, they should be analyzed in conjunction with leading indicators to improve the accuracy of economic bottom assessments [4][5] - The report indicates that the key to breaking out of the bottom-seeking phase lies in the sustainability of M1 recovery, with household medium and long-term loans being a more critical indicator [4][5] Group 2 - The report notes that in July, the manufacturing PMI fell to 49.3%, remaining in the contraction zone, indicating a slight decline in macroeconomic conditions [6][7] - It mentions that the social financing scale increased by 1.16 trillion yuan in July, which is 389.3 billion yuan more than the same period last year, with a slight recovery in new government bonds but a negative turn in new RMB loans [12][22] - The report states that M1 and M2 both showed year-on-year increases in July, with M1 at +5.6% and M2 at +8.8%, reflecting a rebound in excess liquidity [9][12] Group 3 - The report discusses that the decline in household medium and long-term loans is significant, with July showing a year-on-year decrease of 9.68%, compared to the previous value of -1.32% [15][16] - It highlights that the DR007 rate fell to an average of 1.52% in July, indicating a stabilization of liquidity prices, which is a necessary condition for the market to find a bottom [18][19] - The report concludes that the overall economic environment is characterized by a recovery in leading indicators, while synchronous and lagging indicators are showing slight declines, suggesting a complex market outlook [22][23]

Core Insights - The report emphasizes that identifying the performance inflection point is crucial for the market to move out of the bottom-seeking phase, with market bottoms typically leading performance inflection points by 1-2 quarters [3] - The report highlights the importance of combining leading indicators with coincident indicators for better economic bottom assessments, as relying solely on coincident indicators may lead to delayed confirmations of market bottoms [3] - The report indicates that the key to breaking out of the bottom-seeking phase lies in the sustainability of M1 recovery, with household medium and long-term loans being a more critical indicator [3] Economic Indicators - The macroeconomic environment shows slight improvement, with the manufacturing PMI rising to 49.7% in June, still within the contraction zone [5][6] - In June, M1 and M2 both showed year-on-year increases, with M1 at +4.6% (previously +2.3%) and M2 at +8.3% (previously +7.9%), indicating a recovery in excess liquidity [8] - The social financing scale increased by 4.2 trillion yuan in June, which is 900.8 billion yuan more than the same period last year, with a notable recovery in government bonds and RMB loans [10][19] Loan Structure - The report notes a recovery in the loan structure, with household loans showing a year-on-year increase, while medium and long-term loans for households decreased [19] - For enterprises, medium and long-term loans increased year-on-year, and short-term loans also showed recovery, indicating a positive trend in credit structure [19] Market Conditions - The report states that the dual expansion of monetary and credit policies is supporting the A-share market, with signs of improvement in the economic fundamentals [19] - The report suggests that the recovery in leading indicators of the Pring cycle is accompanied by a slight decline in coincident and lagging indicators, indicating a complex market environment [20]