Economic Outlook - The GDP growth rate for 2026 is projected to be around 5%, with a recovery pattern characterized by "front low, back high" dynamics[12] - The first quarter is expected to show a growth of 4.7%, influenced by the ongoing decline in real estate investment and seasonal factors[28] - The second quarter is anticipated to stabilize at 4.9%, driven by new policy implementations and increased manufacturing investment[28] - The third quarter is forecasted to accelerate to 5.2%, with PPI expected to turn positive, enhancing industrial production[28] - The fourth quarter is projected to maintain a growth rate of 5.0%, supported by improved corporate profits and consumer spending[29] Investment Trends - Manufacturing investment is expected to grow by 5%, driven by long-term policies and profit improvements in high-tech industries[37] - Real estate investment is projected to decline by 8%, indicating a continued natural clearing process in the market[13] - Infrastructure investment is forecasted to grow by 3%, reflecting a balance between debt management and development needs[13] Price Dynamics - CPI is predicted to rise to a central level of 0.5% in 2026, marking a reversal from near-zero growth in 2024-2025[8] - PPI is expected to turn positive in Q3 2026, with an end-of-year forecast of a 0.5% increase, signaling a significant improvement in upstream profitability[8] Consumer Behavior - Retail sales are projected to grow by approximately 4.2%, with a shift towards income distribution optimization and targeted subsidies[8] - Service consumption is anticipated to outpace goods consumption, driven by policy support and changing consumer preferences[8] Export and Import Outlook - Exports are expected to grow by 5%, supported by the U.S. inventory replenishment cycle and market diversification strategies[8] - Imports are projected to increase by 2.5%, driven by improved industrial profits and a stable RMB exchange rate[8]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods Model 1: Carbon Emission Intensity Deviation and Carbon Emission Intensity Coefficient - **Model Name**: Carbon Emission Intensity Deviation and Carbon Emission Intensity Coefficient - **Model Construction Idea**: The model aims to allocate carbon quotas based on the deviation of a company's carbon emission intensity from the industry average, incentivizing companies to reduce emissions. - **Model Construction Process**: - The carbon emission intensity deviation (X) is calculated as the difference between a company's unit product carbon emission and the industry average, divided by the industry average: $$ X = \frac{I - BP}{BP} $$ where \( I \) is the company's unit product carbon emission, and \( BP \) is the industry average. - The carbon emission intensity coefficient (α) is determined based on the deviation (X): $$ \alpha = \begin{cases} -3\% & \text{if } X \leq -20\% \\ 15\% \times X & \text{if } -20\% < X \leq 20\% \\ +3\% & \text{if } X > 20\% \end{cases} $$ - The quota amount (A) is calculated as: $$ A = E \times (1 + \alpha) $$ where \( E \) is the company's verified emissions for the year. - **Model Evaluation**: This model ensures that differences in emission control levels among companies are reflected in their quota allocations, providing positive incentives for emission reduction while maintaining overall quota stability.[8][9][11] Model Backtesting Results - **Carbon Emission Intensity Deviation and Carbon Emission Intensity Coefficient**: - The model's implementation is expected to significantly expand the coverage of the national carbon market, enhancing the price discovery function of carbon prices and reflecting marginal abatement costs more clearly.[12][13] Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods Factor 1: National Certified Voluntary Emission Reduction (CCER) Methodology - **Factor Name**: National Certified Voluntary Emission Reduction (CCER) Methodology - **Factor Construction Idea**: The factor aims to provide a quantifiable method for voluntary emission reduction projects, converting emission reductions into tradable environmental credits. - **Factor Construction Process**: - The methodology includes three key scenarios: offshore oilfield associated gas recovery, onshore gas field test gas recovery, and onshore oilfield low-gas-volume associated gas recovery. - Each scenario has specific mechanisms for emission reduction, monitoring, and accounting requirements. - For example, the offshore oilfield associated gas recovery scenario involves recovering gas that would otherwise be flared, converting it into usable products, and reducing methane emissions. - **Factor Evaluation**: This methodology provides clear technical specifications and market incentives for methane emission reduction projects in the oil and gas industry, supporting the achievement of methane control targets.[14][15] Factor Backtesting Results - **National Certified Voluntary Emission Reduction (CCER) Methodology**: - The implementation of this methodology is expected to lead to the initiation of more associated gas recovery projects, contributing to the achievement of China's dual carbon goals and supporting the green and low-carbon transition of the oil and gas industry.[14][15]

Core Insights - The adjustment of risk factors for insurance funds' stock investments is expected to release more incremental capital into the A-share market, potentially bringing in approximately 545 billion yuan in 2026, assuming a 15% growth in the balance of insurance fund utilization and an average stock investment ratio of 9.7% [1][3][9] - The regulatory measures since 2025 have systematically guided insurance funds into the market as "patient capital" through a combination of increasing upper limits, expanding pilot programs, optimizing long-term assessments, and finely tuning risk factors [3][8] Liquidity Analysis - As of September 2025, the balance of insurance fund utilization reached 37.5 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 17%, contributing approximately 347.7 billion yuan in incremental funds from January to September 2025 [3][9] - The recent market liquidity indicators show a net inflow of funds in the secondary market, with a rise in financing balances and net purchases of 76.4 billion yuan [3][26] Monetary Policy and Interest Rates - The central bank's recent operations included a net withdrawal of 848 billion yuan, with short-term interest rates declining and long-term rates rising, indicating a mixed monetary policy environment [14][15] Market Sentiment - The market sentiment has shown a decrease in trading activity, with a decline in the proportion of financing funds in A-share transactions to 11.0% [38] - The VIX index has decreased, reflecting an improvement in risk appetite in overseas markets [40] Sector Preferences - The sectors attracting significant net inflows include electronics, machinery, and non-ferrous metals, while sectors like banking and non-bank financials experienced net outflows [48][49] - The net buying activity in financing funds was notably high in machinery equipment (+31.6 billion yuan) and non-ferrous metals (+29.7 billion yuan) [48][49] Individual Stock Preferences - The stocks with the highest net purchases included C Moer-U (+17.0 billion yuan) and Tianfu Communication (+17.0 billion yuan), while the highest net sales were seen in Zhongji Xuchuang (-14.7 billion yuan) and Dongshan Precision (-9.1 billion yuan) [50]

Group 1: Fiscal Policy Overview - 2025 marks a critical turning point as broad fiscal budget expenditures return to an expansionary cycle, with significant adjustments made to increase fiscal resources while lowering revenue targets[6] - The broad fiscal deficit rate in 2025 reaches 8.4%, surpassing the historical high of 8.1% set in 2020[7] - The proportion of total fiscal expenditure to GDP has rebounded for the first time since 2020, indicating the start of a new expenditure expansion cycle[15] Group 2: Social Spending and Impact - Actual spending on social welfare areas reached a record high in recent years, with 1-10 months' social-related expenditure accounting for 40.6% of total spending, the highest in five years[20] - In the 2025 budget, education spending accounts for 15.0%, social security and employment for 14.8%, and health spending for 7.2%, reflecting a slight increase in focus on social welfare[19] Group 3: Local Government Debt and Revenue - Local government revenue has achieved positive growth for the second consecutive year, with a 2.1% increase in local fiscal revenue despite a decline in non-tax revenue growth[30] - Debt resolution policies have significantly reduced local government debt burdens, with early repayment of high-interest debts reaching 24.48 billion yuan, the highest in recent years[33] Group 4: Investment Support and Challenges - Fiscal support for investment has weakened compared to 2024, with infrastructure-related spending growth remaining low and focused primarily on social welfare[38] - The issuance of special bonds has slowed in the second half of 2025, with a total of 4.5 trillion yuan in new special bonds issued, compared to 4.0 trillion yuan in the same period last year[39] Group 5: Execution and Policy Implementation - The pace of fiscal spending has slowed, with the budget execution rate in 2025 being lower than in previous years, indicating a cautious approach to fiscal policy execution[44] - Key policies aimed at boosting consumption, such as pension increases and birth subsidies, have been delayed, limiting their effectiveness in stimulating economic growth[52]

机制电价竞价结果加速落地，"41+9"打造氢能新动力 环保公用事业行业周报（2025/12/07） 周期/环保及公用事业 本周环保板块下跌，公用事业板块上涨。环保（申万）行业指数下跌 0.15%， 公用事业（申万）行业指数上涨 0.12%，相对市场整体涨跌幅较小。 ❑ 风险提示：政策落实低于预期、煤炭及硅料价格下跌、项目进展低于预期、 国际政治局势变化的风险等。 推荐（维持） 行业规模 | | | 占比% | | --- | --- | --- | | 股票家数（只） | 242 | 4.7 | | 总市值（十亿元） | 4009.2 | 3.8 | | 流通市值（十亿元） | 3711.5 | 3.9 | 证券研究报告|行业定期报告 2025 年 12 月 09 日 证券研究报告 | 行业定期报告 2025 年 12 月 09 日 行业指数 % 1m 6m 12m 绝对表现 -4.2 12.9 15.1 相对表现 -3.0 -6.4 -1.2 资料来源：公司数据、招商证券 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Dec/24 Apr/25 Jul/25 Nov/25 (%) 环保及公用事业 沪深300 相关报 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report emphasizes a shift in the macroeconomic policy tone, maintaining a positive stance while introducing new terms such as "increased counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment efforts" [2][3] - The report indicates that fiscal and monetary policies will continue to be "more proactive" and "moderately loose," with specific policy measures to be clarified in future central economic work meetings [2][3] - The prioritization of risk mitigation has been moved to the last item in the agenda, suggesting that the current overall risk is relatively controllable, and future efforts will focus on "active and prudent" risk resolution [2][3] Group 2 - The report notes that the phrase "stabilizing the real estate and stock markets" was not reiterated in the latest meeting, indicating a potential shift in focus towards broader economic stability rather than specific market interventions [2][3] - It suggests that the capital market's performance in the coming year will depend on further detailed arrangements from the upcoming central economic work meeting, maintaining a cautiously optimistic outlook [2][3] - Historical data indicates that December has historically favored large-cap stocks, which may be relevant for investment strategies moving forward [2][3]

证券研究报告 | 金融工程 2025 年 12 月 8 日 中法深化气候合作，国际 ESG 标准与监管加速落地 ——ESG 市场观察周报（20251207） 1、要闻速览：中法深化气候合作，国内外 ESG 监管持续细化 国内动态方面，中法两国发表联合声明，将在应对气候变化、生物多样性保 护、可再生能源及核电等多领域深化协作，共同支持全球治理机制；工信部部署"十 五五"工业绿色低碳规划，强调加快零碳工厂建设及技术装备升级；国家发改委发布 新版基础设施 REITs 行业清单，将租赁住房、消费基础设施、清洁能源及储能等多 个领域纳入发行范围，进一步拓宽绿色资产盘活渠道。 国际动态方面，纽约市审计长建议撤出对贝莱德等三家资管机构的委托，称其 脱碳计划未达城市养老金要求；欧洲财务报告咨询组织发布简化版 ESRS，大幅降 低企业信息披露负担；英国金融行为监管局拟出台 ESG 评级新规，提升评级透明度 和可靠性；英国广告标准局叫停耐克等品牌涉"环保"误导广告；国际机构 PCAF 发 布新版融资排放核算标准，完善金融机构碳排放计量框架。 2、市场动向：ESG 指数表现分化，绿色转型资金短期承压 本周国内 ESG 指数走势分化 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the industry, indicating a positive outlook for the sector's fundamentals and expectations for the industry index to outperform the benchmark index [6]. Core Insights - The cumulative area of land transactions from January to November 2025 has seen an expanded year-on-year decline, with a decrease of 14% compared to the previous year, and the average transaction price has increased by 7% year-on-year, although the growth rate has narrowed [21][30]. - The new housing market shows a narrowing year-on-year decline in signed area, while the second-hand housing market has experienced an expanding year-on-year decline [3][13]. - The liquidity outlook indicates a tightening trend at the macro level, with expectations of reduced liquidity compared to the previous year [4][46]. - The report highlights the importance of the difference between net rental yields and mortgage rates as a key observation for total demand in both new and second-hand housing markets [4]. Summary by Sections New Housing Market - The year-on-year decline in new housing signed area has narrowed, with the average signed area in sample cities showing improvement compared to the past four years [8][10]. - The overall signed area for new homes in sample cities has decreased by 24% year-on-year, with first-tier cities showing a 12% decline [3]. Second-Hand Housing Market - The second-hand housing market has seen a year-on-year decline of 33%, which has expanded compared to the previous month [3][13]. - The average number of viewings in 12 sample cities has shown a slight increase, indicating a potential stabilization in buyer interest [4][42]. Land Acquisition - The report notes a significant decline in land acquisition activity, with a 14% year-on-year decrease in cumulative transaction area [21]. - The average floor price for land transactions has shown a year-on-year increase of 7%, although this growth has slowed compared to previous months [21][30]. Market Dynamics - The report emphasizes the need to focus on reasonable valuation ranges for investments, suggesting that the current price-to-book (PB) ratio for the sector is approximately 1.2 times, with leading companies averaging around 0.7 times [4]. - The report identifies three main lines of risk premium recovery for national and regional real estate companies, focusing on balance sheet contributions, credit premiums, and turnaround situations [4].

Domestic Economic Indicators - High-frequency data indicates a significant rebound in November export growth, expected to be a key highlight for year-end economic performance[1] - The upcoming Central Political Bureau and Central Economic Work Conferences are unlikely to introduce further growth-stabilizing policies for the year[1] - The RMB has shown signs of accelerated appreciation, with both onshore and offshore rates surpassing 7.07, marking a new high in over a year[1] International Economic Context - The Japanese yen is approaching the 155-160 range, increasing the likelihood of a December interest rate hike by the Bank of Japan, which could impact global capital markets[1] - Ongoing tensions in the Russia-Ukraine conflict have not yielded substantial progress in negotiations, maintaining a stalemate[1] Asset Pricing Outlook - By 2026, China's asset pricing anchor is expected to return to a growth trajectory, with total factor productivity already on the rise this year[2] - The valuation center for equity assets is anticipated to shift upward significantly, indicating a return to growth-driven asset pricing[2] - December's late period may present a buying opportunity, although potential risk-off scenarios due to U.S.-Japan monetary discrepancies may necessitate a delay[2] Monetary Policy and Market Liquidity - The central bank's operations remain moderately tight, with a net injection of 663.8 billion yuan through reverse repos this week[6] - The average weekly rate for DR001 decreased by 1.228 basis points to 1.3005%, while DR007 fell by 1.93 basis points to 1.4431%[7] Government Debt and Market Performance - The net issuance of government bonds has slightly eased, with a planned issuance of 3904.55 billion yuan for the upcoming week, up from 3317.17 billion yuan[20] - The A-share market has shown a strong upward trend, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising by 0.37% this week and 16.44% year-to-date[37]

Financial Data Overview - In November 2025, new social financing (社融) is expected to reach approximately 2.1 trillion RMB, with a growth rate of 8.4%[1] - New credit (信贷) is projected to be around 2500 billion RMB, reflecting a growth rate of 6.4%[2] - M2 money supply is anticipated to grow by 8.0%, while M1 is expected to increase by 6.0%[6] Loan and Financing Insights - Residential loans are estimated to decrease by about 500 billion RMB, significantly lower than the previous year's 2700 billion RMB[2] - Corporate loans are expected to increase by approximately 3000 billion RMB, compared to 2500 billion RMB in the same month last year[2] - Government bond net financing is projected at around 12660 billion RMB, down from 18317 billion RMB year-on-year[5] Market Trends and Economic Indicators - The manufacturing PMI for November is reported at 49.2, indicating a slight recovery but still below the growth threshold[2] - The real estate market continues to face pressure, with new home sales in 30 major cities down by 33% year-on-year[2] - The corporate financing environment remains weak, with strategic emerging industries showing signs of decline in their purchasing manager index[2]