债券研究 证券研究报 告 【债券周报】 预期平稳，等待地产年末行情 ——每周高频跟踪 20251213 ❖ 工业高频：生产开工略有改善 （1）动力煤：煤价跌幅扩大。内陆省份电厂日耗同比仍显疲弱，终端企业 采购以长协煤兑现为主，对高价市场煤接受偏低，沿海电厂日耗小幅下降。 （2）螺纹钢：螺纹钢价格涨幅扩大。主要钢材品种去库节奏继续加快，但 建材、螺纹表观需求走弱也加速，说明供给收缩力度相对更大。 （3）沥青：开工率继续处于同期低位。沥青装置开工率环比+0.1pct 至 27.9%，同比-1.0%。赶工需求逐步减少，出货量也处于往年同期低位。 2、地产：（1）新房成交放缓。11 月 28 日-12 月 4 日，30 城新房成交面积 211.8 万平方米，环比-0.6%，同比-36%，降幅继续扩大，月初新房销售动能 有所回落。（2）二手房成交继续走弱。二手房成交面积环比-2.7%，同比- 39.6%，环比跌幅扩大，主因高基数影响。 ❖ 消费相关：11 月乘用车零售同比-7% 1、汽车：11 月 1-30 日，全国乘用车市场零售 226.3 万辆，同比去年同期下 降 7%，较上月增长 1%。 2、原油：价格继续上涨。 ...

证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券日报】 平稳开局，重在增效 ——债券视角看中央经济工作会议 1、总体基调："稳中求进、提质增效"，力度或持稳、对扩大增量诉求下降， 对经济"质"要求高于"量"。"跨周期"也体现目光更长远、而非短期刺激。 2、财政政策：延续"更加积极"定调，强调"必要的财政赤字、债务总规模 和支出总量"，相较去年略偏保守，预计明年财政扩张力度基本维持、资金投 向进一步优化，准财政工具延续使用，配合实现投资"止跌回稳"目标。 债券研究 ❖ 二、货币政策：兼顾跨周期，如何操作？ 目标侧重关注增长和物价，淡化金融总量诉求。落点更突出"稳增长"与"物 价合理回升"。一是通过维持流动性合理充裕、降实体成本，配合财政加杠杆， 推动物价回升。二是更关注利率传导机制畅通，突出利率调控、合理的利率比 价关系的保持。 "灵活高效"运用降准降息。相较于"适时"降准降息或更加关注政策效果， 与兼顾"跨周期"调控的思路一致。明年降息窗口并未关闭，宽松基调延续或 对债市仍形成保护。中性情形政策利率或降息 1 次、幅度 10bp。基数影响下 为支持经济增速达标或需靠前发力，一季度末至二季度初落地概率或更高。 ❖ 三、重点任务： ...

www.hczq.com 证券研究报告 | 医药生物 | 2025年12月13日 华创医药投资观点&研究专题周周谈 · 第154期 2025Q3实体药店市场分析 本周专题联系人：高初蕾 华创医药团队： | 首席分析师 | 郑辰 | | 执业编号：S0360520110002 | 邮箱：zhengchen@hcyjs.com | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 联席首席分析师 | | 刘浩 | 执业编号：S0360520120002 | 邮箱：liuhao@hcyjs.com | | 医疗器械组组长 | | 李婵娟 | 执业编号：S0360520110004 | 邮箱：lichanjuan@hcyjs.com | | 中药和流通组组长 | | 高初蕾 | 执业编号：S0360524070002 | 邮箱：gaochulei@hcyjs.com | | 分析师 | 王宏雨 | | 执业编号：S0360523080006 | 邮箱：wanghongyu@hcyjs.com | | 分析师 | 朱珂琛 | | 执业编号：S0360524070007 | 邮箱：zhukechen@h ...

Investment Rating - The report gives a "Buy" rating for the company, Cambricon Technologies Co., Ltd. (寒武纪-U) [1] Core Insights - Cambricon is a leading player in the domestic AI chip sector, focusing on the development and innovation of AI chips, with a comprehensive product matrix covering cloud, edge, and terminal solutions [6][22] - The company has experienced explosive revenue growth, with a projected revenue increase from 1.17 billion yuan in 2024 to 20.69 billion yuan in 2027, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 56.4% [2][9] - The AI chip market in China is expected to grow significantly, with projections indicating a market size increase from 142.54 billion yuan in 2024 to 1,336.79 billion yuan by 2029, driven by the demand for AI computing power [6][8] Summary by Sections 1. Strong Research and Technical Background - Cambricon, established in 2016, is recognized as a leading enterprise in the AI chip field, focusing on AI chip research and technology innovation [13] - The company has developed a complete technical system from instruction set architecture to chip design and basic system software, making it one of the few domestic AI computing solution providers with full-stack self-research capabilities [6][20] 2. Explosive Demand in the GPU Market - The global GPU market is undergoing structural changes, with AI, big data, and cloud computing driving a continuous increase in computing power demand [6][44] - The domestic AI chip market is expected to see a compound annual growth rate of 53.7% from 2025 to 2029, with the GPU market share projected to rise from 69.9% in 2024 to 77.3% in 2029 [6][8] 3. Hardware and Software Synergy - Cambricon has iterated its MLUarch microarchitecture to the fifth generation, supporting high-performance computing needs and establishing a strong technical barrier [8][20] - The NeuWare platform enhances software development efficiency, reducing barriers for developers and increasing ecosystem stickiness [8][20] 4. Profitability Forecast - The company is expected to achieve significant revenue growth, with projected revenues of 72.62 billion yuan in 2025, 132.28 billion yuan in 2026, and 206.85 billion yuan in 2027, alongside corresponding net profits of 25.20 billion yuan, 48.97 billion yuan, and 77.99 billion yuan [2][9][22] 5. Investment Logic - The investment logic is based on three dimensions: solidifying technical barriers, explosive demand from AI models driving GPU needs, and strategic positioning to capture domestic replacement opportunities [8][9]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for China Hongqiao (01378.HK) with a target price of HKD 34.3, indicating a potential upside from the current price of HKD 31.36 [1]. Core Views - China Hongqiao is positioned as a high-dividend stock in the electrolytic aluminum sector, showcasing both growth potential and industry leadership [1]. - The company has achieved record-high performance in its recent financial results, with a significant increase in net profit and revenue, driven by enhanced profitability in the electrolytic aluminum sector [4][5]. - The company is optimistic about its future prospects, as evidenced by the controlling shareholder's recent share purchases, reflecting confidence in the company's growth trajectory [4]. Company Overview - Total shares outstanding: 992,438.02 million - Total market capitalization: HKD 3,112.29 billion - Debt-to-asset ratio: 49.08% - Net asset value per share: HKD 11.92 - 12-month price range: HKD 34.90 (high) / HKD 10.96 (low) [1]. Financial Performance - For the first three quarters of 2025, the company reported revenue of HKD 1169.3 billion, a year-on-year increase of 6%, and a net profit of HKD 193.7 billion, up 23% year-on-year [4]. - The third quarter alone saw revenue of HKD 387 billion, with a net profit of HKD 69 billion, reflecting an 18% increase year-on-year [4]. - The company expects to achieve net profits of HKD 248.03 billion, HKD 258.1 billion, and HKD 279.6 billion for the years 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, indicating a growth trajectory of 10.9%, 4.1%, and 8.3% [5]. Market Dynamics - The report highlights a favorable outlook for aluminum prices, with expectations of a balanced supply-demand scenario globally, which is likely to support price increases [4]. - The average aluminum price in China has risen to HKD 21,407 per ton, a 3.4% increase from the previous quarter [4]. - The company is set to benefit from the commissioning of the Simandou iron ore project, which is expected to enhance its earnings further [4]. Valuation Metrics - The report adjusts the aluminum price assumptions for 2025-2027 to HKD 20,600, HKD 21,000, and HKD 21,300 per ton, respectively, while lowering the alumina price assumptions [5]. - The projected earnings per share (EPS) for 2025, 2026, and 2027 are HKD 2.25, HKD 2.50, and HKD 2.60, respectively [5].

Group 1: Precious Metals - The report emphasizes the long-term allocation value of precious metals, particularly gold, supported by central bank purchases and a weakening dollar credit system [10][11][44] - Gold demand is expected to remain strong due to central bank purchases, with a total of 219.85 tons purchased in Q3 2025, marking a historical high [18][20] - Silver is projected to experience strong price momentum due to persistent supply-demand gaps and low domestic inventory levels [28][39] Group 2: Copper - The copper mining sector is expected to maintain low growth rates, with a projected supply shortage in 2026 due to ongoing mining and smelting conflicts [12][45] - Global copper production is anticipated to increase by approximately 10,000 tons, 70,000 tons, and 84,000 tons from 2025 to 2027, while smelting capacity is expected to rise by 217,000 tons, 100,000 tons, and 20,000 tons respectively [12][47] - The report suggests focusing on leading companies in the copper sector, such as Zijin Mining and Jiangxi Copper, as supply tightens [2][12] Group 3: Aluminum - The aluminum market is expected to maintain a tight balance, with domestic production growth rates projected at 2.2%, 1.4%, and 0.4% from 2025 to 2027 [3][13] - Demand for aluminum remains resilient, driven by investments in new energy and power grids, with a projected domestic demand growth of 2.6%, 1.0%, and 3.6% over the same period [3][13] - The report highlights the importance of high dividend stocks in the aluminum sector, recommending companies like China Hongqiao and Tianshan Aluminum [3][13] Group 4: Cobalt - The cobalt supply chain is being reshaped by policies in the Democratic Republic of Congo, leading to a significant reduction in global supply, with projections of only 96,600 tons contributed annually from 2026 to 2027 [4][14] - Demand for cobalt is expected to grow, particularly in high-end electric vehicles and solid-state batteries, with a projected global shortage of 32,000 tons and 31,000 tons in 2026 and 2027 respectively [4][14] - Companies benefiting from cobalt price elasticity, such as Huayou Cobalt and Luoyang Molybdenum, are recommended for investment [4][14]

Group 1: Federal Reserve Actions - The Federal Reserve announced the restart of the Reserve Management Purchases (RMP) tool, starting December 12, with an initial plan to purchase $40 billion in short-term Treasury securities in the first month[2] - The RMP is expected to inject approximately $150 billion in reserves into the market, continuing until Q2 2026[4] - The purchase structure will focus on ultra-short-term Treasury securities, with 75% of purchases planned for maturities of 1-4 months[4] Group 2: Economic Implications - The RMP aims to improve short-term liquidity, benefiting the U.S. stock market's "loose trading" environment[5] - However, RMP is not equivalent to quantitative easing (QE) and is expected to have limited effects on long-term interest rates and the cost of financing for the real economy[5] - The RMP's operational scale may need to be adjusted based on seasonal fluctuations in the Treasury General Account (TGA) and overall liquidity demands[4] Group 3: Current Liquidity Conditions - The current reserve levels are slightly below the reasonable range, with reserves to nominal GDP ratio at 9.5% and reserves to total bank assets at 11.8%[7] - The reasonable reserve balance is estimated to be around $3 trillion, indicating a need for the RMP to maintain adequate liquidity levels[22] - Compared to the end of QT-1, the current reserve levels are more ample, as they were 6.4% and 7.9% respectively at that time[7] Group 4: Market Indicators - The effective federal funds rate (EFFR) and the secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) have shown signs of liquidity tightening, with SOFR recently exceeding the interest on excess reserves (IOER) for consecutive weeks[8] - The EFFR-IOER spread has been narrowing, indicating a potential liquidity shortage in the banking system, although the situation is better than in 2019[9]

Report Industry Investment Rating The provided content does not mention the report industry investment rating. Core Views of the Report - The Fed ended 2025 with continued interest rate cuts, totaling 75 basis points for the year. The policy focus shifted from concerns about inflation rebound to addressing employment downward pressure. The threshold for restarting rate cuts in 2026 is expected to increase, depending more on the pace of employment slowdown and the effectiveness of alleviating commodity inflation related to tariffs. [5][30] - The Fed's restart of RMP is expected to ease the previous liquidity tightening situation. However, internal disagreements among officials have intensified, and with key events such as the Fed chairmanship change and mid - term elections in 2026, the stability of monetary policy has decreased. It is expected that the Fed will maintain a "wait - and - see" attitude in the first half of 2026, and changes in the second half may depend on the new chairman's policy orientation and the economic outlook due to fiscal expansion. [5][30] Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Interest Rate Decision and Market Reaction - On the early morning of December 11, 2025, the Fed cut interest rates for the third consecutive time, lowering the federal funds rate target range by 25 basis points to 3.5% - 3.75%, and the reserve balance rate and discount rate to 3.65% and 3.75% respectively. In 2025, the Fed cut interest rates three times, a cumulative 75 basis points, reducing the federal funds target rate from 4.5% to 3.75%. [4][7] - After the interest rate decision was announced, the 10 - year U.S. Treasury yield fluctuated upward, reaching a high of 4.18%. The three major U.S. stock indexes rose, and the U.S. dollar index briefly rose above 99 points. During the press conference, the 10 - year U.S. Treasury yield turned downward, the U.S. stock rally continued to expand, the U.S. dollar index returned to around 98.5, COMEX gold first fell then rose, and crude oil prices declined. [8] 2. Interest Rate Statement - Focused on labor market pressure, policy outlook, and Reserve Management Purchases (RMP). The description of the unemployment rate was changed to "the unemployment rate has risen as of September". The statement added the expression "the extent and timing" for future interest rate adjustments, last seen in December 2024, which may imply a higher threshold for future rate cuts. It also added that the committee believes the reserve balance has fallen to an adequate level and will buy short - term U.S. Treasuries as needed to maintain a continuous and adequate supply of reserves. [4][12][16] 3. Economic Forecast - GDP growth forecasts for the next four years were raised, while the unemployment rate forecast for the following year and inflation forecasts for this and next year were slightly lowered. The December dot - plot predicts one rate cut each in 2026 and 2027, with the median remaining the same as in September. However, there is a high degree of dispersion among the 19 Fed officials providing forecasts, indicating significant disagreements on the subsequent rate - cut magnitude and increasing policy uncertainty. [18][19] 4. Reserve Management Purchases (RMP) - Core Purpose: To increase the bank system's reserve scale by purchasing short - term Treasuries and other assets, addressing the recent surge in funding prices. Since 2023, the scale of the overnight reverse repurchase tool ONRRP has dropped significantly to near zero, and the bank reserve scale has returned to the 2020 level. The Fed's long - term balance sheet reduction and the U.S. government shutdown have also drained short - term liquidity, with the SOFR remaining persistently higher than the EFFR since September 2025, with the spread reaching a maximum of 36 basis points. [2][20][22] - Bond - buying Operation: Starting from December 12, it plans to purchase $40 billion in Treasury bills over the next 30 days. The subsequent purchase amount will be adjusted according to the reserve supply outlook and seasonal fluctuations. According to Powell, the neutral monthly purchase level may be between $20 billion and $25 billion. [2][22] - Historical Operation: The last time the Fed carried out RMP was in 2019. In mid - September 2019, the SOFR was nearly 300 basis points higher than the EFFR. The Fed announced the launch of RMP on October 11, 2019, buying Treasury bills at a rate of $60 billion per month to maintain the reserve level at or above that of early September 2019. [2][22] - Comparison with QE: Unlike QE, which lowers long - term interest rates by buying long - term Treasuries and then reduces borrowing costs, RMP aims to replenish the bank system's reserves by buying short - term Treasuries, ensuring an adequate reserve scale without indicating a change in the monetary policy stance. [3][23] 5. Labor Market - Both labor supply and demand are slowing down, and employment data may overestimate the actual situation. From June to September 2025, the unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percentage points to 4.4%. Since April, the average monthly non - farm employment increase was about 40,000, but after adjustment, it may actually have decreased by about 20,000 per month. The continuous and gradual cooling of the labor market might be the main reason for the continued rate cuts. [5][24] 6. Inflation - Non - tariff factors have made positive progress, and inflation caused by tariff factors may peak in the first quarter of 2026. It is maintained that the impact of tariffs on inflation is one - time rather than continuous. In September, the U.S. core CPI year - on - year decreased from 3.1% in August to 3.0%, and the month - on - month growth rate dropped from 0.3% to 0.2%. Among sub - items, prices of tariff - sensitive goods such as clothing, furniture, and entertainment products increased month - on - month to varying degrees, while the housing rent in core services decreased, indicating a continued decline in service inflation, but the spill - over effect of commodity inflation caused by tariffs still exists. [5][27]

Group 1: Interest Rate Changes - The FOMC lowered the interest rate by 25 basis points to a target range of 3.5%-3.75%, aligning with market expectations[1] - The dot plot indicates a forecast of one rate cut in both next year and the year after, but there is significant disagreement among members[3] - There were 2 dissenting votes against the rate cut, with 6 out of 19 participants supporting no rate cut[3] Group 2: Economic Projections - The Fed raised its GDP growth forecasts for Q4 2025-2028 to 1.7%, 2.3%, 2.0%, and 1.9% respectively, compared to previous estimates of 1.6%, 1.8%, 1.9%, and 1.8%[1] - Core PCE inflation forecasts for the same period were adjusted to 3.0%, 2.5%, 2.1%, and 2.0%, down from 3.1%, 2.6%, 2.1%, and 2.0%[1] - The Fed's assessment of downside risks to growth has decreased, while the outlook for unemployment risks has also improved[21] Group 3: Quantitative Easing Measures - The Fed announced the restart of "Reserve Management Purchases" (RMP) to maintain adequate reserve levels, starting at a pace of $40 billion per month[5] - This RMP is a technical operation aimed at increasing liquidity in the money market, distinct from traditional quantitative easing (QE)[13] - The current asset purchase scale is smaller than previous QE measures, with the Fed's balance sheet at approximately $6.6 trillion compared to $3.8 trillion in 2019[7] Group 4: Market Reactions - Following the FOMC meeting, U.S. stock markets rose, the dollar index fell, and U.S. Treasury yields declined[35] - The futures market adjusted expectations for rate cuts next year from 2 to approximately 2.24 times, with the year-end policy rate forecast decreasing from 3.159% to 3.082%[35]

Inflation Data Summary - November CPI increased year-on-year from 0.2% to 0.7%, meeting expectations of 0.7%[2] - Core CPI remained stable at 1.2%, maintaining a high level since 2022[2] - PPI decreased year-on-year from -2.1% to -2.2%, with expectations of -2%[2] Key Influences on CPI - Food prices significantly impacted CPI, with a month-on-month increase of 0.5% compared to -2.7% in November last year[2] - Fresh vegetable prices rose by 7.2% due to adverse weather affecting production and transportation[2] - Medical service prices increased by 0.3%, marking the eighth consecutive month of price rises[2] PPI Trends - PPI rose by 0.1% month-on-month, marking the second consecutive month of increase[3] - Seasonal demand in coal and gas industries contributed to price increases[3] - The computer and electronics sector saw a price increase of 0.1%, while the automotive sector's price decline narrowed from -0.2% to -0.1%[3] Future Inflation Outlook - CPI is expected to maintain a positive year-on-year trend, with projections of around 0.7% for next year[4] - PPI is anticipated to show a recovery trend, but the timing for a positive year-on-year change remains uncertain, with estimates around -1.4% for next year[4] - The supply-demand dynamics in the midstream manufacturing sector are crucial for PPI stabilization[4] Risks and Considerations - Potential upward risks for CPI include improvements in service sector pricing, particularly if consumer subsidy policies expand[5] - The midstream manufacturing sector's price stabilization is critical for PPI recovery, as it has been a significant drag on overall PPI performance[5]