Core Insights - Inflation continues to ease, with January CPI year-on-year growth dropping to 2.4%, below the market expectation of 2.5% and down from 2.7% in the previous month. Core CPI also fell to 2.5%, the lowest since April 2021 [2] - Energy inflation has significantly decreased, with January CPI energy component year-on-year growth falling to -0.1% from 2.3%. Gasoline prices saw a year-on-year decline of 7.5%, although recent oil price rebounds may stabilize future gasoline inflation [5] - The price of used cars has plummeted, dragging down core goods inflation, which fell to 1.1% year-on-year from 1.4%. Used car prices dropped 2% year-on-year, marking the largest month-on-month decline since February 2024 [6] - Core services inflation remains sticky, with January core services year-on-year growth decreasing to 2.9% from 3%. Housing inflation has also slowed, while medical services have shown signs of strength [8] - Long-term inflation expectations have fluctuated, with one-year inflation expectations dropping to 3.5% while five-year expectations rebounded to 3.4%, indicating consumer concerns about potential inflation risks [10] - Expectations for interest rate cuts in the first half of the year have increased, with market expectations for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve rising to 68% following the inflation data release [11]

Group 1 - The total financing volume is sufficient, but the quality of the "opening red" is lacking, with social financing showing a year-on-year increase driven mainly by government bonds and discounted bills [2][4] - In January, the net financing scale of government bonds rose to 976.4 billion yuan, benefiting from the timing of the Spring Festival, resulting in a year-on-year increase of 283.1 billion yuan [4] - The demand for loans at the beginning of the year is weak, with banks showing strong demand for bills, leading to a significant increase in discounted bills to 629.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 163.9 billion yuan [4] Group 2 - M1 and M2 growth rates rebounded in January, with M1 increasing by 1.1 percentage points to 4.9%, driven by the maturity of high-interest deposits and a low base effect from the previous year [3][7] - M2 growth rate rose to 9% in January, with fiscal deposits increasing by 1.55 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.2 trillion yuan [7] - The difference between M2 and M1 growth rates narrowed to 4.1%, indicating an increase in the liquidity of funds [7] Group 3 - In January, new RMB loans increased by 4.71 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year decrease of 420 billion yuan, reflecting a shift in the structure of loans [6] - Household loans increased by 456.5 billion yuan, with short-term loans showing a year-on-year increase of 159.4 billion yuan, while medium and long-term loans decreased by 146.6 billion yuan [6] - Corporate loans increased by 4.45 trillion yuan, with short-term loans rising by 2.05 trillion yuan, while medium and long-term loans decreased by 280 billion yuan [6]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights a significant rebound in non-farm employment in January, with an increase of 130,000 jobs, surpassing the expected 65,000, marking the largest growth since January 2025 [2] - The private sector added 172,000 jobs in January, with a three-month average of 103,000 and a fourth-quarter average of 50,000, indicating a stabilization in the job market following signals from Powell during the January meeting [2] - The education and healthcare sectors contributed the majority of the job growth, adding 137,000 jobs, while other sectors like retail and leisure showed fluctuations but remained lower than in the first half of 2025 [5] Group 2 - The unemployment rate decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 4.3%, benefiting from improved job demand, with stable overall unemployment numbers [6] - The labor force participation rate increased by 0.1 percentage points to 62.5%, with notable rebounds in the participation rates of younger age groups [6] - Job vacancies in December fell to 6.542 million, the lowest since the COVID-19 pandemic, with the vacancy rate dropping below 4% for the first time since the pandemic [8] Group 3 - Average hourly earnings in January increased by 0.4% month-on-month, exceeding expectations, while year-on-year growth slightly decreased to 3.7% [10] - The highest year-on-year wage growth was observed in the retail and financial sectors, while the lowest was in business services and healthcare [13] - Real wage growth showed signs of recovery, with a year-on-year increase of 1.1% in December, indicating potential support for consumer recovery [16] Group 4 - Following the release of strong non-farm data, market expectations for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in March dropped significantly, with probabilities for a cut in June also declining [19] - Asset prices reacted positively, with major U.S. stock indices rising and the dollar strengthening, while precious metals experienced a pullback from previous highs [19]

Group 1 - Energy and raw material prices are experiencing a phase of decline, with January PPI decreasing by 1.4% month-on-month, a reduction of 5 percentage points compared to the previous month. The prices in the oil and gas extraction industry fell by 16.7%, while the prices in the oil, coal, and other fuel processing industries dropped by 11.5% [2][11] - The overall energy-related industries are in a deep negative growth zone, significantly dragging down the PPI. Although some non-energy sectors, such as non-ferrous metals and electronics manufacturing, are seeing price recoveries, the high weight and large declines in the energy sector continue to be a major factor in the year-on-year negative PPI for January [2][11] - The January CPI year-on-year growth rate decreased to 0.2%, down by 0.6 percentage points from the previous month, influenced by a high base from last year's Spring Festival and current weak food prices. The core CPI year-on-year growth rate recorded 0.8%, a decrease of 0.4 percentage points from the previous month [3][4] Group 2 - The CPI year-on-year growth rate fell to 0.2%, with food prices turning from growth to a decline of -0.7%, impacting the CPI by approximately 0.11 percentage points. The prices of fresh vegetables and fruits increased by 6.9% and 3.2%, respectively, while pork and egg prices decreased by 13.7% and 10.6% [4][7] - Non-food prices saw a year-on-year growth rate decrease of 0.4 percentage points to 0.4%. Energy prices fell by 5% year-on-year, contributing approximately 0.34 percentage points to the CPI decline, with gasoline prices down by 11.4% [4][7] - The January PPI year-on-year decline narrowed to 1.4%, a reduction of 0.5 percentage points from the previous month, marking the second consecutive month of narrowing. The prices of production materials recorded a year-on-year growth rate of -1.3%, while living materials saw a decline of -1.7% [11][14]

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the ongoing decline in loan interest rates, with the central bank projecting a decrease to 3.15% by the end of 2025, supported by various monetary policy tools [2] Group 1: Loan Interest Rates and Monetary Policy - Loan interest rates are expected to decrease, with general loan rates falling by 12 basis points to 3.55% and mortgage rates remaining stable at 3.06% [2] - The central bank's actions, including reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate reductions, are aimed at enhancing liquidity, with excess reserve ratios projected to rise to 1.5% by the end of 2025 [2] Group 2: Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies - The report discusses the shift from a proactive monetary policy to a synchronized approach with fiscal policy, emphasizing three modes of collaboration: supporting government bond issuance, coordinating credit supply and demand, and sharing risk costs [5] - The government is expected to remain the main driver of leverage in 2026, with limited room for significant policy rate reductions [5] Group 3: Observations on Liquidity and Financial Structure - The central bank suggests merging asset management products with bank deposits to better assess liquidity, indicating that changes in deposit structures do not significantly affect overall liquidity [6] - The report aims to correct market misinterpretations regarding deposit fluctuations, thereby minimizing their impact on bond market trends [6] Group 4: Economic Outlook and Policy Consistency - Concerns about the economic situation persist, with challenges such as weak domestic demand and external trade barriers highlighted [9] - The focus of monetary policy will be on expanding domestic demand and optimizing supply, with an emphasis on structural credit support and green finance [9]

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve is expected to adopt a "tightening then loosening" monetary policy approach, with a potential for aggressive rate cuts in the second half of the year if Powell maintains a hawkish stance during his term [2][13] - The US dollar is anticipated to weaken further, especially as the dollar index has fallen below 97, driven by a loose monetary policy environment and increased global demand for safety [2][14] Group 2 - The RMB exchange rate is entering a mid-term appreciation channel, with a potential to break above 6.8, aligning with current export growth trends [3][19] - The appreciation of the RMB is seen as a rebalancing of external and internal demand, with policy shifts indicating a growing importance of domestic demand [4][21] Group 3 - Service consumption is expected to grow, with policy support shifting towards the service sector, reflecting a recovery in consumer sentiment post-pandemic [5][22] - CPI is projected to show stronger elasticity compared to PPI, driven by a potential recovery in pork prices and sticky core CPI, particularly in service inflation [6][27] Group 4 - The central bank is likely to adopt a cautious approach to domestic monetary policy easing, focusing on structural tools to provide low-cost funding to support specific sectors [8][29] - The stock market is expected to reach new highs due to ample liquidity and a rebound in profit growth, despite the current economic challenges [9][31] Group 5 - The technology sector is predicted to maintain its momentum, supported by liquidity and a favorable investment environment, particularly in AI companies [10][34] - Gold prices are expected to continue rising, bolstered by a weakening dollar and increased central bank purchases of gold [11][36]

Group 1 - The manufacturing PMI in January recorded a decline to 49.3%, which is 0.8 percentage points lower than the previous month and below the median level of the past five years [4][3] - Key sub-indices such as new orders, production, raw material inventory, and employment all showed a decrease, indicating a cooling in both supply and demand [4][2] - The new orders index fell to 49.2%, down 1.6 percentage points from the previous month, while the production index decreased to 50.6%, down 1.1 percentage points [6][4] Group 2 - The price index has risen significantly due to recent increases in commodity prices, with the raw material purchase price index at 56.1%, down 3.0 percentage points, and the factory price index at 50.6%, up 1.7 percentage points [8][3] - The construction industry has seen a notable decline, with the new orders index dropping significantly, leading to a business activity index of 48.8%, the lowest since April 2020 [9][3] - The non-manufacturing business activity index fell to 49.4%, with the service sector also experiencing a slight decline, indicating overall weak economic conditions [9][12]

Core Viewpoint - The overall fiscal revenue and expenditure in 2025 did not meet targets, with significant challenges in revenue generation and expenditure efficiency [2][3]. Revenue Analysis - In 2025, the national general public budget revenue was 21.6 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year decline of 1.7%, falling short of the target growth rate of 0.1% [3]. - December 2025 saw a drastic drop in revenue growth to -25%, with central revenue declining by 50.3% and tax revenue turning negative at -11.5% [3]. - The structure of tax revenue weakened, with declines in value-added tax, consumption tax, and corporate income tax, particularly a notable drop of 13.1 percentage points in corporate income tax [4]. Expenditure Analysis - National fiscal expenditure in 2025 reached 28.7 trillion yuan, with a growth rate of only 1%, below the target of 4.4% [6]. - The expenditure completion rate for the year was 96.8%, lower than the average of 98.9% over the past five years [6]. - Infrastructure spending saw a significant increase, with notable growth in agricultural and community spending, while other sectors experienced declines [8]. Government Fund Performance - The growth rate of government fund income was -7%, significantly below the budget target of 0.7%, with a completion rate of 92.3% for income [11]. - Government fund expenditure growth was 11.3%, also below the target of 23.1%, but the completion rate of 90.4% exceeded the five-year average of 86% [11].

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has decided to maintain interest rates in the range of 3.5%-3.75%, ending a series of rate cuts since September 2025, with a generally optimistic outlook on economic growth and a stabilizing labor market [2][10]. Group 1: Employment and Labor Market - The employment growth remains weak, but there are signs of stabilization in the unemployment rate, which has previously been on the rise [5][6]. - The labor market is experiencing a structural decline in both supply and demand, with factors such as reduced immigration and a declining labor participation rate contributing to this trend [6]. - Despite the challenges, there are positive indicators such as a rebound in wage growth, suggesting some resilience in the labor market [6][10]. Group 2: Inflation Trends - Inflation is still considered somewhat elevated, although it has decreased from previous highs, remaining above target levels [5][6]. - The core Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) index, excluding the impact of tariffs, is slightly above 2%, indicating a healthy progress in inflation management [6]. - The overall trend suggests that inflation is likely to continue decreasing, driven by factors such as a slowdown in housing inflation [6][10]. Group 3: Economic Growth Outlook - The Federal Reserve has upgraded its assessment of economic activity to "expanding at a solid pace," indicating stronger growth than previously expected [7]. - Recent data shows that the U.S. economy is likely to stabilize, with consumer spending and investment showing signs of improvement [7]. - The positive impact of previous interest rate cuts on consumer spending is beginning to manifest, with retail sales rebounding unexpectedly [7][10]. Group 4: Interest Rate Expectations - Market expectations for further rate cuts have diminished, with probabilities for the Fed maintaining rates in March and April rising to 86.5% and 74%, respectively [10]. - The current labor market shows signs of stabilization, reducing the necessity for further rate cuts in the near term [10]. - However, the long-term outlook suggests that inflation trends and labor market imbalances may lead to increased pressure for rate cuts later in the year [10].

Core Viewpoint - December saw a decline in revenue for industrial enterprises, with a year-on-year decrease of 3.2%, while profits improved with a year-on-year growth of 5.3%, marking a significant turnaround from the previous month's -13.1% [2][11] Group 1: Profit and Revenue Analysis - The profit margin growth in December was a key support for the overall profit improvement, with a notable recovery in profit rates [11][16] - The revenue decline was slightly offset by a narrowing of price drag, but overall revenue contraction still impacted profitability [11][16] - The year-on-year profit growth of 5.3% in December was a significant increase of 18.4 percentage points from the previous month, marking the first year-end profit increase since 2018 [11][14] Group 2: Currency Impact - The appreciation of the RMB since late 2025 has led to a return of overseas profits, with the bank's foreign exchange settlement and sales differences indicating a trend towards repatriating profits [5][11] - The expectation of RMB appreciation has historically been associated with an increase in the ratio of bank foreign exchange settlement differences to trade balances, reaching 25.9% in 2025, the second-highest since 2015 [5] Group 3: Industry Performance - The equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing sectors showed strong profit growth, significantly outpacing the overall profit growth of large-scale industrial enterprises [6][14] - In December, the mining, raw materials, and processing assembly industries saw improvements in profit, while the consumer goods manufacturing sector continued to face pressure [14][16] - The high-tech manufacturing sector reported a profit growth of 13.3% year-on-year, exceeding the average growth rate of large-scale industrial enterprises by 12.7 percentage points [14] Group 4: Inventory and Demand - The nominal inventory growth rate declined to 3.9% in December, with actual inventory growth also falling, indicating weak domestic demand [9][17] - The consumer goods manufacturing sector is actively reducing inventory, while the equipment manufacturing sector is primarily focused on replenishing stock, reflecting the contrasting performance of these industries [9][17] - The production turnover days for industrial enterprises decreased to 19.9 days, suggesting ongoing operational pressures despite seasonal improvements in sales rates [17]