2025 年 12 月 16 日 宏观经济 经济数据波动，不阻碍经济目标即将完成 ——2025 年 11 月经济数据点评 宏观点评 虽然下半年经济数据波动加大，但由于上半年经济增速较高，全年经济 增长目标即将完成。临近年末，以用好用足存量政策、保障"三保"工作为 主，新增稳增长政策可能要等到来年实施。 制造业累计投资仍维持同比正增长。11 月，固定资产投资累计同比增速 从-1.7 下降至-2.6%，当月同比增速-11.5%。其中，基建（不含电力等）、制 造业、房地产投资累计同比增速分别下滑至-1.1%、1.9%、-15.9%，单月同比 增速-9.7%、-4.4%、-30.3%。固定资产投资完成额（扣除房地产开发投资） 累计同比增速从 1.7%下降至 0.8%。民间投资累计同比增速从-4.5%下降至- 5.3%。虽然 11 月之前 5000 亿元政策性金融工具已全部投放，但尚未形成大 规模实物工作量，对 11 月投资支撑有限。 出口拉动下工业生产增速稳定。11 月，工业生产同比增速从上月的 4.9% 小幅下降至 4.8%，整体上仍比较稳健。工业生产韧性主要是外需拉动的。11 月出口同比增速从-1.1%上升至 5 ...

Group 1: Macro and Asset Performance - In November, the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 3.0%, the CSI 300 dropped by 4.0%, the ChiNext Index decreased by 8.4%, and the STAR 50 Index declined by 9.2% [1][11] - The bond market experienced a slight decline, with an overall drop of 0.1%, and government bond yields increased, with 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year yields rising by 1.8bp, 2.5bp, and 2.1bp respectively [1][21] - The Hang Seng Index fell by 2.7%, and major US stock indices also saw declines, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average, Nasdaq, and S&P 500 dropping by 2.8%, 6.1%, and 3.5% respectively [1][21] Group 2: A-Share Market Outlook - The central economic work conference in December is crucial for setting the tone for 2026 economic policies, which could lead to an independent market trend if macro and industrial policies exceed expectations [1][22] - The market is currently in a phase of consolidation without a clear main line, with recommendations to focus on the aviation sector, new consumption, and undervalued banking stocks [2][23] - The aviation sector is expected to benefit from supply-side constraints and policy guidance, leading to improved profitability alongside low oil prices [2][23] Group 3: Bond Market Strategy - The overall outlook for government bond yields suggests a continued upward trend, influenced by domestic fundamentals and policy fluctuations [3][24] - The upcoming central economic work conference is anticipated to have a significant impact on interest rates, as yields typically price in next year's policies [3][26] - Despite a weak economic backdrop, the 10-year government bond yield is expected to maintain a strong position, rising from 1.79% to around 1.82% [3][29]

Group 1: Economic Development Strategy - The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is crucial for achieving socialist modernization, emphasizing the need for continuous effort and progressive development[11] - The meeting highlighted the importance of maintaining a stable economic foundation, with strengths in the economy, resilience, and potential for long-term growth[12] - The goal is to achieve significant progress in high-quality development, with a focus on technological self-reliance and strengthening the real economy[14] Group 2: Technological Innovation and Self-Reliance - The emphasis is on accelerating high-level technological self-reliance to lead new productive forces, moving from merely having technology to achieving excellence and leadership[21] - Policies will focus on breaking through key core technologies and enhancing original innovation to seize future technological competition[22] - The aim is to create a robust national innovation system capable of producing disruptive technological achievements[21] Group 3: Domestic Demand and Economic Circulation - The strategy includes expanding domestic demand and strengthening the domestic economic cycle, with specific measures to enhance consumer spending and investment in human capital[23] - The focus is on creating a closed-loop logic between improving people's livelihoods and promoting consumption[24] - The meeting called for breaking down barriers to building a unified national market to unleash domestic demand potential[25] Group 4: High-Level Opening Up - The meeting stressed the need to expand high-level opening up and maintain a multilateral trade system, promoting reform and development through openness[27] - China aims to deepen institutional opening up, enhancing its economic resilience and competitiveness by aligning with international high standards[27] Group 5: Common Prosperity and Social Welfare - The meeting emphasized increasing efforts to improve people's livelihoods and advance common prosperity, ensuring coverage for all citizens[28] - Policies will focus on basic public services and strengthening social security for vulnerable groups[28] - The real estate sector is shifting towards high-quality development, focusing on meeting people's needs and improving product quality[28]

Group 1: CPI Analysis - In September, the CPI decreased by 0.3% year-on-year, a slight improvement from the previous month's decline of 0.4%[1] - Food prices fell by 4.4% year-on-year, contributing approximately 1 percentage point to the CPI decline[1] - Core CPI rose by 1% year-on-year, marking the fifth consecutive month of acceleration[1] Group 2: PPI Insights - The PPI decreased by 2.3% year-on-year in September, but the decline narrowed by 0.6 percentage points compared to the previous month[2] - The PPI showed no change month-on-month, indicating a halt in the downward trend for two consecutive months[2] - Prices in coal processing rose by 3.8% month-on-month, while black metal smelting and rolling industries saw a 0.2% increase[2] Group 3: Economic Outlook - Positive signals in price trends are attributed to central government measures since "9·24" aimed at stabilizing growth and boosting confidence[3] - Despite positive signals, there remains significant downward pressure on prices, particularly as investment and consumption data show signs of decline in the second half of the year[3] - The need for enhanced counter-cyclical adjustments and effective policy resource utilization is emphasized to maintain growth momentum[3]

Group 1: Current Trade Tensions - Recent U.S. measures against China include a 50% tariff on cabinets and a 30% tariff on softwood furniture, effective from September 29[9] - China has announced export controls on rare earth materials, effective November 8, which could significantly impact U.S. industries reliant on these materials[10] - The U.S. has threatened to impose a 100% tariff on all Chinese products starting November 1, escalating trade tensions ahead of the APEC meeting[11] Group 2: Possible Scenarios for U.S.-China Trade Relations - One scenario suggests a temporary easing of tensions, potentially leading to a phased agreement during or before the APEC meeting, though full cancellation of rare earth controls is unlikely[18] - An alternative scenario indicates that trade friction may escalate, reducing the likelihood of reaching an agreement and potentially leading to a spiral of conflict[19] Group 3: Economic Indicators and Market Reactions - As of September, China's exports reached $328.57 billion, a year-on-year increase of 8.3%, surpassing market expectations of 5.7%[21] - The U.S. unemployment rate has slightly increased from 4% to 4.3%, indicating potential economic strain[16] - Market sentiment may shift towards defensive assets if trade tensions escalate, with a potential decline in stock market performance[30]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a positive investment rating for the renewable energy sector, particularly highlighting the recovery in the photovoltaic and wind energy segments [5]. Core Insights - The renewable energy sector is showing clear signs of recovery, with significant performance improvements in the photovoltaic and wind energy segments, while the energy storage sector continues to experience upward momentum [1][14]. - The photovoltaic industry is witnessing a rebound in performance, driven by a surge in domestic demand and the implementation of policies to eliminate "involution" competition, leading to price stabilization [2][34]. - The wind energy sector is benefiting from improved bidding conditions, which are translating into revenue growth for companies within the industry [3][21]. - The grid equipment sector is experiencing stable growth, supported by a long-term increase in global grid investment [4][24]. Summary by Sections Overall Industry Performance - The overall performance of the renewable energy sector has improved significantly in the first half of 2025, with a notable recovery in profits, particularly in the wind and energy storage segments [1][15]. - The photovoltaic segment is gradually recovering, with major components like silicon wafers and battery cells showing substantial growth, while auxiliary materials face pressure [1][21]. - The industry is experiencing a slowdown in capacity expansion, with the proportion of ongoing projects relative to total assets decreasing [26]. Photovoltaic Sector - The photovoltaic sector is seeing a recovery in performance, with significant growth in the main supply chain components, while auxiliary materials are under pressure [2][34]. - Domestic demand for photovoltaic products surged in the first half of 2025, leading to a historical high in new installations [2][48]. - The implementation of policies to address "involution" competition is accelerating the exit of outdated capacities from the market [2][34]. Wind Energy Sector - The wind energy sector is showing a clear recovery trend, with revenue growth across various segments, particularly in components like towers and bearings [3][21]. - The domestic wind energy prices have significantly increased compared to 2024, with bidding volumes continuing to grow [3][21]. Grid Equipment Sector - The grid equipment sector is maintaining stable growth, benefiting from a long-term upward trend in global grid investments [4][24]. - The performance of transmission and distribution equipment is particularly strong, with notable revenue growth in the first quarter of 2025 [22].

Investment Strategy Overview - The Shanghai Composite Index reached a 10-year high in mid-August, surpassing 3800 points, indicating a growing bullish sentiment in the market [1][8] - Market valuations, including broad indices and leading sectors, have reached relatively high levels since 2005, suggesting limited upside potential in the near term [1][18] - The electronic, defense, telecommunications, and pharmaceutical sectors are showing high valuations at 97.9%, 83.8%, 82.3%, and 76.8% percentiles respectively since 2005 [1][18] Market Concentration and Securities Rate - Industry concentration levels in the current structural bull market remain below historical peaks, with the electronics sector reaching 16.1% as of August 22, 2025 [2][20] - The TMT (Technology, Media, Telecommunications) sector's concentration is at 34.1%, still below its historical peak of 40%-45% [2][23] - The market's total market capitalization to GDP ratio is close to historical highs, with a 10% gap from the 2021 peak and a 43% gap from the 2015 peak [2][26] Market Outlook - The market's fundamentals are expected to show a quarterly decline, but there is potential for policy measures to support macroeconomic growth [3][28] - The liquidity outlook is optimistic, with DR007 at its lowest since 2018, indicating ample market liquidity [3][30] - The stock market is experiencing a steady increase in new account openings and private equity fund registrations, which may support market liquidity further [3][30][31] Sector Performance and Policy Support - The technology, finance, pharmaceuticals, and consumer sectors are expected to perform well, driven by favorable policies and market dynamics [4][9] - Recent government policies aimed at boosting consumption and investment are likely to catalyze growth in various sectors, including construction and technology [4][9] - The upcoming political meetings and economic planning sessions are anticipated to provide further clarity and potential support for market sentiment [4][29] Misconceptions About Market Liquidity - There is a common misconception that the influx of incremental funds from residents will directly lead to a market rally; however, historical data suggests that market trends are the leading indicators, not the funds themselves [6][41] - The correlation between the stock market's performance and the flow of funds indicates that market movements often precede changes in liquidity [6][42]

Group 1: Macro and Market Overview - The A-share market showed positive performance in July, with the Shanghai Composite Index, CSI 300, and ChiNext Index rising by 4.3%, 4.9%, and 8.7% respectively [1][10] - The bond market weakened, with an overall decline of 0.6%, and government bond yields increased, with 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year yields rising by 4.3bp, 10.3bp, and 8.3bp respectively [1][10] - The external markets also performed well, with the Hang Seng Index rising by 5.5% and major US indices, including the Dow Jones, Nasdaq, and S&P 500, increasing by 1.8%, 3.6%, and 3.0% respectively [1][10] Group 2: A-share Market Analysis - The A-share market is approaching a critical trading zone, with the Shanghai Index nearing the October 2024 trading volume of 3 trillion, indicating potential resistance to breaking through this level [2][22] - External risks are increasing, particularly regarding US-China tariff negotiations and potential sanctions from the EU against Chinese financial institutions [2][22] Group 3: Sector Focus and Investment Strategy - Investment strategies should focus on technology and anti-involution sectors, with particular attention to humanoid robotics and the broader AI industry [3][23] - The anti-involution strategy is expected to drive demand policies, suggesting investments in undervalued chemical blue-chip stocks, vitamins, phosphorus chemicals, TDI, and coking coal sectors [3][25] - The technology sector is highlighted for potential growth, especially with upcoming IPOs in humanoid robotics and increased capital expenditure in AI services [3][24] Group 4: Bond Market Strategy - The upcoming Central Political Bureau meeting is expected to address the current economic situation and may reinforce anti-involution policies, which could lead to rising inflation expectations and government bond yields [3][27] - The 10-year government bond yield has been on an upward trend, reaching approximately 1.73% as of late July, with expectations of continued increases [3][27][30]

Economic Growth - The actual GDP growth for the first half of 2025 is 5.3%, with a year-on-year growth of 5.2% in Q2, meeting expectations[1] - The industrial production grew by 6.2% year-on-year in Q2, with June showing a growth of 6.8%[1] - The service sector production index increased by 6.1% year-on-year in Q2, up 0.3 percentage points from Q1[1] Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment growth decreased from 3.7% to 2.8% year-on-year due to the impact of "two new" and "two heavy" projects and the real estate market[1] - Infrastructure investment growth for the first half of the year was 8.9% for broad scope and 4.6% for narrow scope (excluding power)[1] - Manufacturing investment growth was 7.5%, with equipment and tool purchases increasing by 17.3% year-on-year[1] Real Estate Market - Real estate investment fell by 11.2% year-on-year in the first half, with the decline accelerating by 0.5 percentage points compared to the first five months[2] - The sales area of commercial housing decreased by 3.5% year-on-year, with the decline expanding by 0.6 percentage points compared to the first five months[2] Consumer Spending - Retail sales of consumer goods grew by 4.8% year-on-year in June, below the market expectation of 5.6%[2] - The average consumption growth for May and June was 5.6%, indicating a stable consumption level despite the drop in June[2] Export Performance - Exports grew by 5.8% year-on-year in June, surpassing the market expectation of 3.2%[2] - Cumulative exports for the first half of the year increased by 5.9%, demonstrating resilience despite a challenging external trade environment[2] Financial Sector - New social financing in June was 4.2 trillion yuan, exceeding the expected 3.71 trillion yuan, with a total of 22.8 trillion yuan for the first half, an increase of 4.7 trillion yuan year-on-year[3] - The balance of loans showed a year-on-year growth rate decline from 7.5% in January to 7.1% in June[3] Economic Outlook - Economic pressures may increase in the second half of 2025, with GDP growth expectations for Q3 and Q4 projected to decline to 4.9% and 4.6%, respectively[3] - The need for timely and effective incremental policies is emphasized to support economic recovery[3]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Views of the Report - In June 2025, the CPI continued to recover, with the core CPI rising steadily, indicating that domestic demand is still steadily recovering. However, there are signs of a slowdown in consumption momentum. The PPI continued to decline due to structural and seasonal factors, which will drag down the profits of industrial enterprises and is not conducive to the continuous recovery of the CPI. The "anti-involution" policy may be accelerated to promote re - inflation [1][7]. Summary According to Related Catalogs 1. Core CPI YoY Continues to Rise, and Domestic Demand Recovery Continues - In June, the CPI rose 0.1% YoY, up 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, slightly better than market expectations. The decline in the MoM rate narrowed. The recovery of consumer goods prices was the main driving force for the CPI to turn from decline to growth. The service CPI rose 0.5% YoY, while the consumer goods CPI fell 0.2% YoY, with the decline narrowing [8]. - Food prices fell 0.3% YoY, with the decline narrowing. Beef prices turned positive after 28 months of decline, while pork prices fell for the first time after consecutive increases. Energy prices saw a narrower decline, mainly due to rising oil prices [8]. - The core CPI rose 0.7% YoY in June, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, showing a continuous upward trend since February. The MoM growth rate was flat compared to the previous month, slightly better than the seasonal average [8]. - In June, prices of clothing, education, culture and entertainment, healthcare, and other goods and services rose YoY, with the growth rates increasing compared to the previous month. Endogenous consumption continued to recover. With the support of the "trade - in" policy, prices of household appliances and cars continued to recover, but the price of communication tools turned negative for the first time this year [9]. - The recovery of the CPI in June was driven by factors such as the rise in crude oil prices due to the Middle East situation, the improvement of consumer confidence since September 2024, and the "trade - in" policy. However, prices of some policy - supported consumer goods have shown signs of decline [9]. 2. Structural and Seasonal Factors Affect the Decline of PPI Growth - In June, the PPI fell 3.6% YoY, exceeding market expectations of a 3.2% decline and down 0.3 percentage points from the previous month. The MoM decline was 0.4%, the same as the previous month. Prices of the mining, processing, and raw material industries all declined, with the decline rates widening [18]. - By industry, coal mining and washing, ferrous metal mining, and ferrous metal smelting and rolling had relatively large MoM declines, while oil and gas extraction and non - ferrous metal mining had relatively large increases. The decline in coal prices was due to increased alternative energy generation in summer and sufficient coal stocks. The decline in ferrous metal prices was due to the impact of weather on construction and sufficient supply. The rise in oil prices was mainly due to the escalation of the Israeli - Palestinian conflict [23]. - Since September 2024, China's macro - economy has been generally stable, and the PPI decline rate has briefly narrowed. However, since February 2025, the continuous decline in PPI may be due to supply - side structural factors [23]. 3. Persistent Low Inflation May Accelerate the "Anti - Involution" Policy - Since the Politburo meeting in July 2024 first mentioned preventing "involution - style" competition, "anti - involution" has been mentioned in many important occasions. Given the current low levels of CPI and PPI, the urgency and practical significance of "anti - involution" are stronger, and it may become an important means to promote re - inflation [24]. - The Sixth Meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Commission on July 1st clearly required to legally regulate the disorderly low - price competition of enterprises and promote the orderly withdrawal of backward production capacity. On July 3rd, relevant departments and industry associations also took actions related to "anti - involution." Under the expectation of "anti - involution," prices of many commodities have risen. The "anti - involution" is a systematic project of supply - demand re - balance. If policy coordination is achieved, the PPI may turn positive from late 2025 to early 2026 [24][26].