债券 2025 年 12 月 9 日 经济新范式下的债市策略探索 证券分析师 刘璐 投资咨询资格编号 S1060519060001 liulu979@ pingan.com.cn 郑子辰 投资咨询资格编号 S1060521090001 zhengzichen160@pingan.com.cn 张君瑞 投资咨询资格编号 S1060519080001 zhangjunrui748@pingan.com.cn 平安观点： 债 券 报 告 债 券 年 度 报 告 证 券 研 究 报 告 2026 年宏观利率债年度策略 2025 年经济周期弱化，资产的定价呈现新特征。经济转型进行时，周期弱 化、结构当道，总量资产趋势难寻，且有"失锚"感，大类资产形成了长期 叙事+极端估值修正的双因子模式。对债市来说，"失锚"也体现为非典型熊 市，曲线哑铃型上移 10-30BP：一季度是经典的基本面、资金面驱动，曲线 熊平；三季度是风险偏好和政策冲击下的机构行为主导的调整，曲线哑铃型 走位。但机构行为有共性，与机构考核、资金属性等有关：1）大行最早配 置放量，标志是大幅超季节性买债；2）农商行在调整的早期和中期入场， 略偏左侧交易；3） ...

Export Performance - In November 2025, China's exports increased by 5.9% year-on-year, a rebound of 7.0 percentage points from the previous month[1] - Imports grew by 1.9% year-on-year, up 0.9 percentage points from the previous month[1] - The trade surplus reached $111.68 billion, compared to $90.07 billion in the previous month[1] Regional Analysis - The drag from exports to the United States expanded by 0.6 percentage points to 4.4 percentage points[3] - Exports to the EU, Hong Kong, Africa, ASEAN, and Latin America contributed 1.9, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, and 1.0 percentage points respectively[3] - ASEAN remains the largest contributor to China's exports, with significant increases from Africa, the EU, Hong Kong, and India compared to 2024[3] Product Analysis - Mechanical and high-tech products were the main drivers of export growth, contributing 4.8 and 1.6 percentage points respectively[3] - Labor-intensive products continued to drag on exports, contributing a negative 0.6 percentage points[3] - Key products like automobiles, ships, and integrated circuits showed strong performance, collectively increasing their contribution to 2.0 percentage points[3] Import Dynamics - Mechanical and high-tech products maintained stable contributions to import growth at 1.8 and 2.5 percentage points respectively[3] - The drag from raw materials decreased to 2.5 percentage points, a reduction of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month[3] - Agricultural products' drag on import growth was 0.3 percentage points, down 0.1 percentage points from the previous month[3] Risk Factors - Potential risks include underwhelming implementation of growth policies, escalation of geopolitical conflicts, and unexpected severity of overseas economic downturns[3]

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Outperform the Market," indicating that the industry index is expected to perform better than the market by more than 5% over the next six months [36]. Core Insights - The 2025 National Basic Medical Insurance, Maternity Insurance, and Work Injury Insurance Drug List, along with the first version of the Commercial Health Insurance Innovative Drug List, was released on December 7, 2025. This adjustment includes 114 new drugs, of which 50 are classified as Class 1 innovative drugs [3]. - The newly launched Chinese Drug Price Registration System aims to facilitate the global pricing system for innovative drugs and attract high-quality foreign drugs to the Chinese market, benefiting patients [4][5]. - The innovative drug sector is expected to continue its rise, with recommendations to focus on companies with rich pipeline layouts, high-potential innovative drugs, and leading technology platforms [11]. Summary by Sections Industry Developments - The 2025 drug list adjustment marks the eighth update since the establishment of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, reflecting ongoing efforts to enhance drug accessibility and innovation in China [3]. - The Chinese Drug Price Registration System, launched on December 2, 2025, allows pharmaceutical companies to independently declare drug prices, promoting a more transparent and globalized pricing structure [4][5]. Company Highlights - Yino Pharmaceutical has rapidly emerged in the metabolic disease treatment field since its establishment in 2014, with its core product, Isupreglutide α, receiving approval as a Class 1 innovative drug and entering commercialization [7]. Investment Strategy - The report suggests focusing on companies with diverse pipelines, such as Heng Rui Medicine, BeiGene, and China National Pharmaceutical Group, as well as those with high-potential innovative drugs like Sanofi and Kaiyin Technology [11]. - It also highlights the importance of companies with leading technology platforms, such as Dongcheng Pharmaceutical and WuXi AppTec, as well as upstream companies benefiting from overseas expansion [11]. Market Performance - The pharmaceutical sector experienced a decline of 0.74% last week, ranking 19th among 28 industries, while the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index rose by 1.28% [14][24]. - As of December 5, 2025, the pharmaceutical sector's valuation stands at 29.30 times (TTM), with a premium of 17.46% over the overall A-share market [27].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "stronger than the market," indicating that the industry index is expected to outperform the market by more than 5% over the next six months [29]. Core Insights - The report highlights the importance of focusing on segments with marginal improvements and stable growth within the consumer sector, particularly in the home appliance and beauty industries [3][4]. - The tourism sector is showing potential for recovery, with leading companies like Ctrip and Huazhu Hotels responding quickly to changing consumer demands [3]. - The beauty industry is experiencing steady growth, with a recommendation to monitor leading brands that adapt swiftly to market dynamics [3]. - The liquor industry is facing challenges, with a notable decline in net profits for many companies in Q3 2025 compared to Q2 2025, but leading firms are expected to gain market share [4][20]. - The snack segment is showing a divergence in performance, with certain products like konjac continuing to thrive, while dairy companies are entering a recovery phase [4][25]. Summary by Sections Home Appliances - The home appliance sector is experiencing a downturn, with air conditioning production down 27.9% year-on-year in October 2025, and sales down 20.1% [27]. - Central air conditioning sales reached 11.2 billion yuan in October 2025, facing downward pressure [27]. - Refrigerator production decreased by 9.8% year-on-year, while washing machine production saw a slight decline of 0.2% [27]. Social Services - The report emphasizes the need to focus on leading companies that can adapt to changing consumer demands in the social services sector, particularly in tourism and beauty [3][4]. Food and Beverage - Alcohol - The report notes a significant decline in net profits for many liquor companies in Q3 2025, with a focus on high-end and mid-range liquor brands expected to perform better [4][20]. - The average price of pork in the wholesale market increased by 0.2% to 17.68 yuan per kilogram as of December 5, 2025 [25]. Food and Beverage - General - The snack segment is experiencing a mixed performance, with konjac products showing strong growth potential [4][25]. - Dairy companies are expected to enter a recovery phase as supply and demand dynamics improve [4][25]. Cultural Communication - The report suggests that media companies should focus on segments related to spiritual needs and consumer sentiment to capture opportunities [4][17].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Outperform the Market," indicating an expected performance that exceeds the market by more than 5% over the next six months [27]. Core Insights - AppLovin, a leading mobile advertising technology platform, has shown impressive growth, with a revenue of $1.405 billion in Q3 2025, representing a 68% year-over-year increase, and a net profit of $836 million, up 92% year-over-year [10][12]. - The company is expanding its client base beyond game developers to include web advertising and e-commerce, with the launch of the Axon Ads Manager self-service platform, which has seen a 50% weekly increase in spending from self-service advertisers since its introduction [9][10]. - The integration of AI in advertising is evolving, with marketing agents capable of generating tailored advertising content and assisting brands in navigating cultural and legal differences in foreign markets [15][17]. Summary by Sections Company Overview - AppLovin, founded in 2012 and headquartered in Palo Alto, California, serves over one billion users daily and provides a comprehensive advertising intermediary service through its AI-driven platforms, including AXON, MAX, and Adjust [4][5]. Financial Performance - In Q3 2025, AppLovin achieved a revenue of $1.405 billion, a 68% increase year-over-year, and a net profit of $836 million, also up 92% year-over-year. The company anticipates Q4 2025 revenue between $1.57 billion and $1.6 billion, reflecting a 12% to 14% quarter-over-quarter growth [10][12]. Future Outlook - AppLovin plans to enhance its self-service platform and introduce AI-driven advertising features to attract new advertisers, with expectations of significant growth in new advertiser numbers by 2026 [14][25]. - The demand for AI-driven marketing solutions is increasing, particularly among domestic companies looking to expand internationally, highlighting the potential for growth in the AI and advertising sector [15][17]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies in the AI and advertising space, including 汇量科技, 迈富时, 易点天下, 蓝色光标, 值得买, 焦点科技, and 百融云-W, as they are expected to benefit from the growing integration of AI in marketing [25].

Group 1: Precious Metals - Gold - The weakening of the US dollar credit remains the core logic for gold pricing in 2025, with a notable negative correlation between gold prices and the dollar's share in global foreign exchange reserves [11][12] - The Federal Reserve is expected to continue its rate-cutting cycle into 2026, which may support gold prices, especially with concerns over the independence of monetary policy due to potential changes in leadership [13][15] - The long-term trend of weakening US dollar credit is not expected to change, with the US fiscal deficit projected to reach 6.9% of GDP in 2024, indicating ongoing structural issues in the US fiscal system [16][17] Group 2: Industrial Metals - Supply constraints for copper are expected to intensify, with significant disruptions in overseas copper mining projects leading to a projected decrease in output by over 100,000 tons in 2025 [23][24] - The demand for copper is anticipated to grow significantly due to the rise of AI and data centers, with each MW of installed capacity requiring approximately 27 tons of copper [27][28] - The macroeconomic environment, characterized by a weak dollar and continued rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, is expected to drive copper prices upward [29][31] Group 3: Energy Metals - The supply of lithium and cobalt is expected to improve significantly due to the end of overseas capacity clearances and the implementation of supply constraint policies by major producing countries [33] - The demand for energy metals is projected to benefit from the resilience of battery technologies and the growth of the energy storage sector, leading to a positive supply-demand dynamic [33][34] Group 4: Tin - The supply of tin is tightening due to regulatory changes in Indonesia and ongoing production disruptions in Myanmar, with exports from Indonesia declining by approximately 20% year-on-year [45][46] - The global demand for refined tin is expected to grow, particularly in the electronics sector, driven by high semiconductor sales and the increasing use of tin solder in AI and high-performance computing applications [51]

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Outperform the Market" (maintained) [1][55]. Core Viewpoints - Precious Metals - Gold: Strong expectations for interest rate cuts have led to a fluctuating increase in gold prices. As of December 5, the COMEX gold futures contract reached $4227.7 per ounce, a decrease of 0.67% month-on-month. The SPDR Gold ETF increased by 0.5% to 1050 tons. The U.S. manufacturing PMI for October was 48.7, down 0.4 percentage points month-on-month. In the short term, gold prices may remain volatile due to unclear expectations, but in the long term, the ongoing U.S. debt issues and weakening dollar credit are expected to support higher gold prices [3][4]. - Industrial Metals: The spot market fundamentals are tightening rapidly, with a positive outlook for copper prices. As of December 5, the SHFE copper futures contract rose by 6.1% to 92,780 yuan per ton. Domestic copper social inventory reached 159,000 tons, a decrease of 15,000 tons month-on-month. The LME copper inventory stood at 163,000 tons. The increase in LME canceled warrants suggests a significant rise in future outflows, indicating a tightening supply situation [5][6]. Summary by Sections Precious Metals - Gold prices are expected to rise due to macroeconomic uncertainties and increased demand for gold as a safe-haven asset. The long-term outlook remains positive, particularly with the weakening dollar credit narrative [3][6]. Industrial Metals - **Copper**: The tightening supply and increasing demand from domestic and emerging markets are expected to drive copper prices higher. The current market conditions suggest a mid-term upward revaluation of copper prices [5][6]. - **Aluminum**: As of December 5, LME aluminum prices increased by 1.2% to $2900.5 per ton. The domestic aluminum social inventory remained stable at 596,000 tons. The macroeconomic environment is expected to support aluminum prices, which are likely to remain high [5][6]. - **Tin**: The SHFE tin futures contract rose by 4.1% to 317,500 yuan per ton. Supply concerns due to geopolitical issues in the Congo and regulatory tightening in Indonesia are expected to keep tin prices on an upward trend [5][6]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on the following sectors: - **Gold**: Continued macroeconomic uncertainty supports gold's safe-haven appeal. Recommended stock: Chifeng Jilong Gold Mining. - **Copper**: Increasing domestic demand and tightening supply conditions suggest a positive outlook. Recommended stock: Luoyang Molybdenum. - **Aluminum**: The supply-demand dynamics favor rising aluminum prices. Recommended stock: Tianshan Aluminum [6][51].

Industrial Sector - Raw material production is recovering, with steel and building materials output rebounding this week[2] - The average daily pig iron production has decreased compared to the previous week[4] - The operating rate of asphalt and cement clinker has increased, while the float glass operating rate has declined[2][10] Real Estate - New home sales in 30 major cities decreased by 35.8% year-on-year as of December 5, with a 5.0 percentage point decline from the previous week[2] - The year-on-year decline in second-hand home listing prices narrowed to -0.66% as of November 24[22] Domestic Demand - Movie box office revenue increased significantly, with a year-on-year growth of 291.2% as of December 5[2] - National retail sales of passenger cars in November were 2.263 million units, down 7% year-on-year, contrasting with a 6% increase in October[28] - The volume of postal express deliveries increased by 6.4% year-on-year as of November 30[30] External Demand - Port cargo throughput increased by 3.2% year-on-year as of November 30, while container throughput rose by 9.6%[32] - South Korea's export value grew by 8.4% year-on-year in November, with a 4.8 percentage point increase from October[32] Price Trends - The Nanhua Industrial Index rose by 0.4%, with the non-ferrous metal index increasing by 2.4% this week[2] - The futures price of rebar increased by 1.5%, while the spot price rose by 0.9%[39]

Investment Rating - The report gives a "Buy" rating for the company, 康哲药业 (0867.HK), for the first time [7]. Core Views - The company has successfully transitioned into a new product era, with its innovative transformation showing significant results. The impact of national procurement on its products has reached a turning point, and the sales of exclusive/brand and innovative products continue to grow, indicating a recovery in performance [7]. - The company is focusing on dual engines of "cooperative research and independent research" to drive innovation, with a rich product pipeline covering multiple therapeutic areas. The company aims to enhance its market position through strategic international expansion and innovative product launches [6][10]. Summary by Sections 1. Successful Innovation Transformation - The company has adopted a dual approach of "cooperative research + independent research" to efficiently promote clinical development and commercialization. It has transitioned from a single drug agency model to an innovation-driven pharmaceutical enterprise since 2018 [10]. - As of the first half of 2025, the company has a pipeline of 40 products, with five innovative products approved for sale in China [10]. 2. Impact of National Procurement - The company faced a decline in revenue and net profit in 2023 due to three products being included in national procurement, leading to a significant drop in sales and market share [12]. - In 2025, the company’s performance rebounded, achieving revenue of 40.02 billion yuan (up 10.8% year-on-year) and a net profit of 9.41 billion yuan (up 3.3% year-on-year) [12]. 3. Innovative Drug Strategy - The company has successfully launched four innovative drugs, with a focus on chronic kidney disease, psoriasis, and epilepsy. Two additional products are pending approval, and three are in clinical phase III trials [34][36]. - The company’s innovative pipeline includes products targeting skin health, with plans for a spin-off of 德镁医药 to unlock its value in the skin health sector [21][34]. 4. Financial Forecast and Valuation - The company is expected to achieve net profits of 16.70 billion yuan, 20.05 billion yuan, and 23.72 billion yuan for the years 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, with corresponding P/E ratios of 18, 15, and 12 times [7]. - The company’s P/E valuation for 2025 is estimated at 18 times, which is lower than the average P/E of comparable companies at 28 times [7].

Core Insights - The report maintains a "stronger than market" rating for the real estate sector, indicating a positive outlook despite ongoing challenges in the market [1] - The real estate market in 2025 is characterized by an initial recovery followed by a decline, with high inventory levels and weak demand impacting overall performance [4][13] - The report anticipates that the supportive policies for the real estate market will continue into 2026, although market confidence will take time to recover [4][5] Market Review - In 2025, the national real estate market experienced a decline in sales, with a 9.6% year-on-year drop in sales amount from January to October, although the decline was less severe than in 2024 [13] - The second-hand housing market outperformed the new housing market, with a reported 8% increase in transactions for the top ten cities compared to a 10.5% decline in new homes [13][46] - The overall market remains in an adjustment phase, with supply-demand relationships still needing improvement [13] 2026 Outlook - Positive factors are expected to converge, leading to a gradual stabilization of the real estate market, particularly in core urban areas and quality housing [4][5] - The report predicts a 6% decline in sales area and an 8.5% decline in investment for 2026, reflecting ongoing market pressures [4][5] Investment Opportunities - The demand for "good houses" is projected to grow, with an average annual improvement demand of 590 million square meters from 2025 to 2030, representing 67% of total demand [4] - Quality real estate companies with strong land acquisition and product capabilities are expected to benefit first from the "good house" trend, with companies like China Overseas Development and China Resources Land highlighted as potential beneficiaries [5][6] - The Hong Kong real estate market is showing signs of stabilization, with a 20.3% year-on-year increase in transaction volume for the first ten months of 2025, presenting investment opportunities for Hong Kong-based real estate firms [4][5][52] Key Company Forecasts - The report includes earnings forecasts for several key companies, indicating a positive outlook for firms like Poly Developments and China Overseas Development, with expected earnings per share (EPS) growth over the next few years [6][7] - Companies with stable cash flow and dividends, such as China Resources Vientiane Life and Poly Property, are also recommended for investment consideration [5][6]