Investment Rating - The industry rating is maintained as "Outperform" [5] Core Insights - The construction index increased by 4.6% recently, outperforming the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index by 2.94 percentage points, indicating a positive market trend for the construction sector [1][4] - There is an expectation for stable growth in infrastructure in Q4, with a focus on investment opportunities in the western regions of China, particularly in Xinjiang and Tibet [2][23] - The government has issued guidelines to combat price competition issues, emphasizing the importance of anti-involution investment themes [3][25] Summary by Sections 1. Q4 Infrastructure Stimulus Expectations - Economic data from July to August 2025 showed a slowdown, prompting expectations for increased infrastructure policies in Q4 [13] - Special bonds and long-term treasury bonds are being issued at a rapid pace, with special bonds totaling 3.68 trillion yuan, accounting for 83.6% of the annual quota [14][15] - The western region's fixed asset investment grew by 6.6%, surpassing the national average, with significant growth in provinces like Tibet and Xinjiang [23][24] 2. Governance of Price Competition - The National Development and Reform Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation have issued guidelines to address price competition issues, promoting fair market practices [3][25] - The report suggests focusing on four investment themes related to anti-involution, including price elasticity and downstream profit improvement [26][27] 3. Nuclear Power Sector Insights - Key breakthroughs in nuclear fusion technology are expected to enhance the attractiveness of the nuclear power sector, with significant investments planned [29] - The report identifies leading companies in the nuclear power construction sector, such as China Nuclear Engineering and China Energy Engineering [30][31] 4. Market Review - The construction index's recent performance indicates a strong market, with notable stock gains from companies like China Nuclear Engineering and Xinjiang Communications Construction [33][34] 5. Investment Recommendations - The report emphasizes the importance of infrastructure investment in high-growth regions and suggests focusing on companies involved in major projects in the western regions [38][39] - It also highlights the potential of the nuclear power sector and emerging business directions, recommending companies like China Nuclear Engineering and Libat [40]

行业报告 | 行业专题研究 银行 证券研究报告 农业银行的故事：资负篇 本篇报告是我们推出的第二篇农业银行深度报告，将从信贷、存款、金市、流动性与司库策略五大 维度作为切入点，为市场全面"解密"农业银行资产负债配置行为及其影响。 一、近年来农业银行资产负债配置行为的主要特点 第一，资产负债"流动性、盈利性、安全性"三性平衡中，流动性明显"让位于"盈利性，其对规 模增长诉求，明显高于其他国有大行。 第二，资产配置"强度大、质量高、久期长"。一方面，凭借县域金融优势，农业银行信贷强度有望 在国有大行中持续保持领先。另一方面，债券投资以一级市场承接和配置需求为主，AC 账户政府债 持仓比例高、久期长，导致银行账簿利率风险指标压力较大。 第三，存款管理建设仍待提升，受监管政策影响较大。主要表现为：（1）对公存款涉及手工补息体 量过大，近年来流失较多；（2）零售存款受益于县域金融业务强势，增长情况较好；（3）对同业存 款依赖度极高，活期定价水平季节性引领国有大行。 第四、资负缺口压力最大时点集中在 1-2 月份、10-11 月份。但近几年从趋势变化上看，这两个时 间段农业银行资负缺口压力有一定分化，即 1-2 月缺口压 ...

Investment Rating - Industry Rating: Outperform the Market (Maintain Rating) [5] Core Insights - The report discusses the dynamic measurement of the EVA balance point for banks' asset allocation between loans and bonds, emphasizing that EVA is just one of many factors influencing asset selection [1][12] - A positive correlation is expected between the change in EVA (△EVA) and the preference for bond investments over corporate loans, indicating that as △EVA rises, banks may shift their asset allocation towards bonds [2][13] - The report identifies a critical point (α) for corporate loan EVA, suggesting that when △EVA exceeds this point, banks should increase their allocation to government bonds [3][17] Summary by Sections Section 1: Bank's EVA Balance Point - The report highlights the importance of considering various factors such as national policy, regulatory requirements, and comprehensive returns from asset operations when evaluating the EVA of loans versus bonds [1][12] - It proposes a methodology to dynamically assess the EVA balance point by analyzing historical asset structure changes [1][12] Section 2: Historical Trends and Future Projections - From 2019 to 2023, a clear positive correlation between △EVA and the ratio of bond investments to corporate loans was observed, although a divergence occurred in the second half of 2024 due to increased government bond supply and strong institutional demand [2][16] - The report anticipates a return to a more balanced strategy for banks, focusing on asset allocation rather than speculative trading, with projections for △EVA to stabilize between 0.80% and 1.25% [18][19] Section 3: Current EVA Values and Implications - The latest value for corporate loan EVA is reported at 0.74%, with expectations for stability in loan pricing and improving loan quality [4][19] - The report concludes that the balance point for the 10Y government bond yield is estimated to be between 1.75% and 1.80%, indicating a critical threshold for banks' asset pricing decisions [20][19]

固定收益 | 固定收益专题 三季度经济金融"成绩单"前瞻 证券研究报告 宏观数据预测专题 三季度经济复苏的成色与瓶颈如何？四季度经济如何演绎？本文聚焦于 此。 工业增加值：预计 9 月当月同比为 5.4% 9 月生产 PMI 较前值上升 1.1pct 至 51.9%，升至近 6 个月高点；采购量指数 升至 51.6%，企业加快原材料采购，显示生产积极性和经济景气度边际回升， 故而我们预计今年 9 月工增环比或为正，9 月工业增加值同比增速为 5.4%。 社零：预计 9 月当月同比为 3.2% （1）9 月服务业 PMI 较上月回落 0.4pct 至 50.1%，餐饮、房地产等行业商 务活动指数低于临界点；（2）9 月地产销售有所好转，但仍低于历史同期， 预计地产后周期消费边际改善，但难以为 9 月社零增速提供较大支撑；（3） 考虑到"以旧换新"政策补贴效应下降，预计其对社零的支撑或有所减弱。 固定资产投资：预计 9 月累计同比 0.2% 基建方面，9 月基建投资累计同比有所回落。（1）9 月建筑业 PMI 为 49.3%， 比上月上升 0.2pct，但仍处于收缩区间；（2）9 月石油沥青装置开工率明 显回升， ...

Group 1 - The report indicates that liquidity is expected to remain comfortable in the upcoming week, with a stable transition across the quarter despite some fluctuations observed from September 23 to September 25, where the central bank's operations were relatively cautious [1][12] - On September 26, the central bank injected 600 billion yuan through a 14-day reverse repurchase agreement, which revitalized market sentiment and helped overnight funds recover to below 1.35%, supported by increased fiscal spending at the quarter's end [1][12] - Historical trends suggest that in October, funding rates typically operate around a central level, with early month conditions being relatively loose due to the easing of regulatory assessments and the influx of fiscal spending [18] Group 2 - The upcoming week will see nearly 1.7 trillion yuan in public market maturities, including 1.021 trillion yuan in 7-day reverse repos, 500 billion yuan in buyout repos, and 150 billion yuan in treasury cash deposits [3][24] - Government bonds are set to issue over 200 billion yuan, with planned issuances of 221 billion yuan in national bonds and 213 billion yuan in local bonds, while maturing national bonds total 2.594 trillion yuan and local bonds 946 billion yuan [4][35] - The willingness of major banks to lend has shown signs of recovery, with funding rates declining; for instance, DR001 decreased by 6.81 basis points to 1.32% as of October 10 [5][18]

Group 1: Demand - New housing transaction volume in 20 cities decreased by 61% week-on-week and 48% year-on-year, remaining below seasonal levels [13][15][29] - First-tier cities saw significant declines in new housing transactions, with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen experiencing week-on-week drops of 78%, 72%, 61%, and 85% respectively [13][15] - Automotive consumption showed a notable increase, with average daily retail sales of passenger cars rising by 49.3% week-on-week, despite a year-on-year decline of 4.8% [38] Group 2: Production - PTA operating rate remained stable at 77.7%, while the operating rate for rebar decreased by 0.3 percentage points to 40.0% [47] - The operating rate for asphalt facilities increased to a year-to-date high of 40.1%, reflecting a 5.7 percentage point rise [47] - Downstream production rates for automotive tires decreased significantly, with full steel tire operating rates dropping by 14.9% and semi-steel tire rates by 18.3% [47][59] Group 3: Investment - Apparent consumption of rebar fell by 39.4% week-on-week to 146.0 million tons, with prices slightly decreasing to 3260.0 yuan per ton [62] - Cement shipment rates decreased week-on-week, with the cement price index dropping by 0.6% to 104.9 points [62][70] - The implementation of 500 billion yuan in new policy financial tools is expected to accelerate infrastructure investment in the fourth quarter [1] Group 4: Trade - Port container throughput increased by 8.8% week-on-week, surpassing last year's levels, while the CCFI comprehensive index fell by 6.7% [73] - Export shipping prices continued to decline, with significant drops in rates for European and American routes [73][77] - The BDI index also experienced a decline of 4.4% week-on-week [73] Group 5: Prices - Agricultural product wholesale prices saw a slight decrease, with the 200 index dropping by 0.1% [83] - Pork prices fell by 2.7% week-on-week, while vegetable prices decreased by 2.9% [83][86] - The PPI for industrial products decreased by 0.2%, with Brent crude oil prices falling by 0.6% [87] Group 6: Interest Rate Bonds - As of October 10, the cumulative issuance progress of replacement bonds reached 99.3%, with a total issuance of 19,862 billion yuan [102][104] - New general bonds issued totaled 6,717 billion yuan, with a cumulative issuance progress of 84.0% [107] - The total issuance of government bonds for the year was 121,835 billion yuan, with a net financing scale of 55,837 billion yuan [109]

Industry Dynamics - Huaxia Zhonghai Commercial REIT (Fund Code: 180607) is set to be launched for sale from October 13 to October 14, 2025, at a price of 5.281 yuan per share, with a total fundraising target of 1.5843 billion yuan. The public offering will consist of 27 million shares. During the offline inquiry phase, the REIT received inquiries from 149 institutional investors managing 1,014 allocation targets, with a total subscription amount of 23.6074 billion shares, which is 374.72 times the initial offline offering of 6.3 million shares, setting a new market record [1][7]. Primary Market - As of October 10, 2025, the total issuance scale of listed REITs has reached 196.6 billion yuan, with a total of 75 REITs issued [8]. Market Performance - In the week from October 9 to October 10, 2025, the CSI REITs Total Return Index fell by 0.26%, while the REITs Total Index decreased by 0.25%. The Property REITs Index dropped by 0.29%, and the Operating Rights REITs Index declined by 0.16%. In terms of major asset classes, the REITs Total Index outperformed the CSI 300 Index by 0.27 percentage points but underperformed the CSI All Bond Index by 0.36 percentage points and the Nanhua Commodity Index by 0.71 percentage points. On an individual security level, E Fund Guangkai Industrial Park REIT, Huatai Nanjing Jianye REIT, and Huaxia Jinyu Intelligent Manufacturing Park REIT led the gains with increases of 1.93%, 1.35%, and 1.03%, respectively. Conversely, Hongtu Shenzhen Anju REIT, CICC Vipshop Outlet REIT, and Huaxia Jinmao Commercial REIT experienced declines of -1.76%, -1.63%, and -1.63%, respectively [2][16]. Liquidity - Overall liquidity in the REITs market increased this week. The total trading volume of REITs (MA5) was 434 million yuan, up 0.4% from the previous week. The trading volumes for Property and Operating Rights REITs (MA5) were 301 million yuan and 134 million yuan, reflecting changes of 3.3% and -5.4%, respectively. Specifically, the MA5 trading volumes for various REIT categories this week were 54 million yuan for Park Infrastructure, 43 million yuan for Energy Infrastructure, 29 million yuan for Warehousing and Logistics, 34 million yuan for Affordable Rental Housing, 14 million yuan for Municipal Environmental Protection, 77 million yuan for Transportation Infrastructure, 164 million yuan for Consumer Infrastructure, and 21 million yuan for Data Center Infrastructure. The Consumer Infrastructure category accounted for 37.7% of the total trading volume [3][37]. Correlation - The correlation coefficients between the CSI REITs Index and major asset classes over different periods indicate varying relationships. For instance, the CSI REITs Index has a negative correlation with the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 Index and the CSI 300 Index over the past 20 days, while it shows a positive correlation with the CSI All Bond Index [29][30].

Investment Rating - Industry rating is "Outperform the Market" (maintained rating) [5] Core Viewpoints - The report discusses the pricing mechanisms of 14-day OMO, MDS, and MLF, emphasizing that these tools are subject to a bidding process with multiple price points, and their pricing should theoretically be lower than market rates due to central bank backing [9][10] - The report highlights that the average winning bid rates for these tools are influenced by policy rates, market rates, the bank's own positions, and interbank conditions [10][11] - The expected average winning bid rates for various tools are projected, with 14-day OMO expected to maintain around 1.45%, 3M MDS at approximately 1.5%, and 1Y MLF at around 1.70% [12][13] Summary by Sections 1. Pricing of 14-day OMO, MDS, and MLF - The report outlines the operational changes since September 19, 2025, where the central bank restarted the 14-day OMO and adjusted it to a fixed quantity, interest rate bidding, and multiple price points [9] - It notes that the 14-day OMO is not a regular operation and is typically concentrated around specific periods such as before the Spring Festival and late September [9] 2. Considerations for Bidding - Banks consider four main factors when bidding: policy rates, market rates, their own positions, and interbank conditions [10] - The 7-day OMO rate serves as a benchmark, currently at 1.4%, which influences the rates of other monetary policy tools [10] 3. Expected Winning Bid Rates - The report predicts that the 14-day OMO rate will remain around 1.45%, with historical spreads between 7-day and 14-day OMO rates being approximately 15 basis points [12] - It also anticipates that the 3M MDS will be around 1.5% and the 1Y MLF at approximately 1.70% [13]

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is maintained as "Outperform the Market" [3][55]. Core Insights - The core bottleneck for solid-state battery performance and mass production is the densification of the solid-solid interface, which can be improved using isostatic pressing technology [5]. - Isostatic pressing technology effectively eliminates internal voids in battery cells, enhances inter-component contact, increases conductivity, and reduces volume changes during operation [5]. - The global isostatic pressing market is projected to reach 91.26 billion yuan by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.69% [27]. Summary by Sections Isostatic Pressing Equipment - Isostatic pressing machines are categorized into cold, warm, and hot types based on the temperature during forming and consolidation [20][21]. - Cold isostatic pressing operates at room temperature with pressures ranging from 100 to 630 MPa, while warm and hot types operate at temperatures not exceeding 500°C and 1000-2200°C, respectively [21][23]. Latest Developments of Leading Companies - Naconor is focusing on solid-state battery core equipment, including isostatic pressing technology, which is still in the R&D and validation stage [7]. - China Aviation Industry Corporation's subsidiary, Chuanxi Machinery, has produced over 1,500 isostatic pressing machines, widely used in defense and high-tech sectors [7]. Market Trends - The Asia-Pacific region is leading the global isostatic pressing market due to demand for high-performance components and favorable government policies [27]. - North America and Europe are emerging markets for isostatic pressing, driven by manufacturing in aerospace, automotive, and energy sectors [27]. Applications of Isostatic Pressing Technology - Isostatic pressing is applied in various industries, including ceramics, hard alloys, new energy, and refractory materials, to enhance density and performance [14]. - The technology ensures uniform pressure application, reducing internal stress and improving mechanical properties [26]. Equipment Development and Innovations - The HIPEX1850 hot isostatic pressing machine developed by China Steel Research is the second largest in the world, capable of processing large aerospace components [31]. - Sichuan Lieneng has developed the first large-diameter, high-pressure warm isostatic pressing machine in China, addressing equipment challenges for large ceramic parts [42].

Investment Rating - Industry Rating: Outperform the Market (Maintain Rating) [7] Core Insights - The report focuses on the treasury behavior of banks, explaining the "budget line" logic of interbank certificates of deposit (CDs) and reviewing historical patterns to assist investors in assessing the interest rate levels of interbank CDs from a different analytical perspective [2][12]. - The "three principles" for issuing interbank CDs are: meeting regulatory indicators, ensuring safety of reserves, and balancing costs. These principles are dynamic and adjust according to market conditions and the bank's operational status [3][14]. - The average liability cost rate of state-owned and joint-stock banks serves as the "budget line" for pricing interbank CDs, with a focus on controlling costs and avoiding significant increases in financial expenses [4][30]. Summary by Sections 1. Logic of the "Budget Line" for Interbank CDs - The issuance of interbank CDs is primarily based on three principles: indicators must meet standards, reserves must be safe, and costs must be balanced. The emphasis on these principles can shift based on market conditions [3][14]. - As of September, the total balance of OMO, MLF, and MDS approaches 14 trillion, indicating a generally friendly attitude from the central bank towards liquidity [3][28]. - Treasury departments typically set the issuance rate of 1Y interbank CDs not to significantly exceed the average liability cost rate of the bank [30]. 2. Historical Review and Outlook of the "Budget Line" for CDs - From 2019 to the present, the 1Y interbank CD interest rate has generally formed a corridor with the 1Y MLF rate as the upper limit and the average liability cost rate as the lower limit. However, since Q2 2024, the interest rate has trended below the average liability cost rate [5][35]. - The decline in the average liability cost rate's lower limit function is attributed to the continuous decline in bank interest margins and the emergence of a trend where interest margins fall below non-performing loan rates [5][36]. - By H1 2025, the average liability maintenance rate for state-owned and joint-stock banks, excluding Postal Savings and China Merchants Bank, is projected to be 1.71%, indicating that the current 1Y interbank CD rate aligns closely with the "budget line" [6][42].