Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the stable growth of China's economy in April, highlighting the resilience of external demand and the transition of new and old growth drivers, despite challenges such as declining real estate investment and low inflation pressures [6][21]. Supply Side: Stable Growth, Slowing Momentum - In April, the industrial added value of large-scale enterprises increased by 6.1% year-on-year, exceeding the market expectation of 5.2%, but down 1.6 percentage points from March [7] - The service production index grew by 6.0% year-on-year, slightly down from March [7] - High-tech industries maintained robust growth, with production increasing by 10.0%, while equipment manufacturing grew by 9.8% [7] Fixed Asset Investment: Slowing Growth, Real Estate Drag - Fixed asset investment grew by 4% year-to-date, slightly down from the previous value [10] - Infrastructure investment increased by 10.9%, while real estate investment saw a decline of 10.3%, worsening by 0.5 percentage points from the previous value [10][11] - Manufacturing investment growth slowed to 8.2%, influenced by tariff impacts and reduced willingness to invest among enterprises [16] Consumption: High Levels with Notable Highlights - Retail sales growth in April was 5.1%, slightly below the market expectation of 5.5% [19] - Significant growth was observed in categories such as communication equipment and home appliances, with increases of 20-30% [19] - The consumption of gold and jewelry surged by 25.3%, driven by high gold prices [19] Outlook: Consolidating Foundations, Maintaining Stability - The article anticipates that tariff negotiations will yield positive outcomes, improving the economic environment and supporting the goal of achieving a 5% growth rate [21] - The article suggests that while external demand remains stable, inflation may continue to be low, and the real estate market may remain weak [21]

海外策略：境外市场风险偏好回暖 美国经济稳步扩张，失业率保持低位，通胀继续软化但仍然面对关税压力，市场对美联储降息的预期持续收 敛。 继Q1私人部门（剔除库存、政府购买、净出口）实际GDP环比年化增速录得3%之后，亚特兰大联储GDPNOW 模型指向Q2美国经济保持稳步扩张态势，实际GDP环比年化增速达到2.5%；4月失业率保持在4.2%，连续一年 于4.0-4.2%区间低位震荡，最新周频首次申领失业金人数稳定在22.9万，同样未见上行趋势；4月美国CPI通胀 超预期回落至2.3%，但未来仍然面临关税压力，下半年读数可能稳定在3%附近。 最新形势指向"胀"的压力仍然远大于"滞"，市场对美联储降息的预期持续收敛，从此前的峰值5次（约125bp） 降至当前的2次（约50bp），与我们预期相符，我们基本认可当前市场对美联储降息的判断。 本周由于中美贸易谈判取得积极成果，境外市场风险偏好回暖，美债利率小幅反弹，美元先涨后跌，人民币升 值，黄金快速回落。 美股方面，上周美股上涨，主要受到中美贸易紧张局势缓解以及通胀数据表现温和的积极影响。中美经贸会谈 取得积极成果，将对美股市场产生显著的正面推动作用，将大幅缓解市场此前对 ...

作者：招商银行研究院 纽约分行 不考虑关税影响的内生通胀比预期更稳定，"劳工荒""住房荒""鸡蛋荒"均在持续缓解，车辆保险通胀亦逐渐回 归合理区间。叠加关税形势已在缓和，即将到来的关税通胀可能不会推升长期通胀预期，并被美联储定性 为"暂时性通胀"。与此同时，随着空缺职位的消耗，美国失业率或将开启新一轮上行，为美联储打开新一轮降 息的大门。 我们认为长端美债已经进入"击球区"，美元亦已再度具备做空价值。 一、宏观：通胀读数或已触及年内低点 4月美国CPI通胀数据超预期回落，创本轮大通胀以来新低。 图1：美国通胀读数创大通胀以来新低 资 料 来 源 ： M A C R O B O N D 、 招 商 银 行 研 究 院 一是就业市场降温，"劳工荒"缓解，薪资通胀持续弱化。 3月美国职位空缺率降至4.3%，为本轮"劳工荒"以来 最低值，2-4月服务业时薪环比增速连续3个月稳定在0.2%，驱动4月服务业时薪同比增速回落至3.6%，非房服 务通胀回落至3.1%。 4月美国CPI通胀数据低于市场预期。CPI同比增速降速至2.3%（市场预期2.4%）；环比增长0.2%（市场预期 0.3%）；核心CPI同比增速维持在2.8% ...

2025年5月12日，中美联合发布《中美日内瓦经贸会谈联合声明》（下称《声明》）。资本市场反响热烈，恒 生指数大涨3%，人民币升破7.2关口。 一、双边关税：超预期大幅下行 结合双方信息，此次中美主要达成了三方面共识。 资料来源：招商银行研究院 二是双方同意设立中美经贸磋商机制， 定期在中、美或第三国开展对话，重点解决供应链安全、数字贸易规 则等议题。 三是达成部分产业共识， 美中双方已就五到六个具有战略意义的产业链供应链脆弱环节达成初步共识，如医 药和钢铁等行业，美国将在这些领域寻求供应链独立性，并优先从盟友国家获取稳定供应。 一是双边关税超预期大幅下行。美国方面，4月2日后对华加征的额外关税大幅降至10%， 还有24%的关税将 在"解放日"后的90天内暂停实施。如此一来，5月14日后，美国对华对等关税将由125%降至10%，此部分"基础 关税"或长期保留。叠加2-3月累计加征的20%"芬太尼"关税，特朗普2.0时期对华加征的关税将降至30%。特朗 普政府在对等关税的实施上对所有国家"一视同仁"，对中国也按下了暂停键。加上特朗普1.0时期所加征的关 税， 当前美国对华平均关税为42.7%。 结合各方信息研判 ...

海外策略：美国经济平稳，美联储按兵不动 美国经济趋势上保持平稳，未来可能受到中美贸易谈判超预期支撑。 一是经济稳步扩张。 亚特兰大联储 GDPNOW模型预测Q2实际GDP年化增速达到2.3%，延续了Q1的平稳增长态势，其中私人消费增速达到3.3%， 剔除库存后的私人投资增速达到3.6%，结构上仅地产及建筑投资在长端利率上行压制下小幅萎缩，其余分项 均在扩张。 二是就业依然稳健。 4月美国新增非农就业人数（17.7万）超出市场预期，失业率稳定在4.2%，已 于4.0-4.2%区间震荡一年之久，周频首次申领失业金人数22.8万，较前值回落1.3万。值得注意的是，当前职位 空缺率（4.3%）已经降至本轮周期最低点，随着空缺职位的消耗，失业率可能向上突破前期箱体。中美贸易 谈判进展超预期，叠加"硬数据"持续给力，美国经济或已在预期层面越过谷底。 美联储于5月议息会议按兵不动，且未提供任何前瞻指引，继续强调政策路径将取决于未来形势。市场对美联 储降息的预期持续降温，年内降息预期收敛至3次合计75bp，首次降息时点7月。考虑到失业率的潜在上行趋 势，以及长端利率的震荡区间，我们认为当前市场预期基本理性。 由于美国经济、就 ...

Macro Economic Analysis - The Chinese economy showed better-than-expected performance in Q1 2025, indicating a strong start to the year [1] - Policy measures are supporting commodity inflation, as reflected in the March price data [1] Trade Data Insights - The "export rush" is nearing its end, as indicated by the March import and export data [2] - The U.S. CPI inflation data for March reflects a brief period of calm in the overseas macroeconomic environment [2] Capital Market Overview - The bond market is experiencing a strong and volatile phase, suggesting opportunities for long-term bond fund investments [3] - U.S. tech stocks have faced significant setbacks, raising questions about the market's bottom [3] - Tariff pressures are causing dramatic fluctuations in both stock and bond markets [3] Industry Analysis - The pharmaceutical industry is accelerating its digital transformation, with AI technology playing a crucial role in this new journey [5] - Positive policy measures are contributing to stability in the A-share market [5] - Tariff expectations are being driven by policy responses, highlighting the need to monitor these developments [5] - Market volatility continues as the impact of tariffs temporarily eases [5] Weekly Outlook - Recent tariff measures have exceeded expectations, leading to a significant rise in risk-averse sentiment [6]

Group 1: CPI Inflation - The CPI inflation for April is -0.1% year-on-year, which is in line with the previous value and higher than market expectations of -0.3% [1] - Core CPI inflation remains stable, with a month-on-month increase of 0.2%, while year-on-year it holds steady at 0.5% [8] - Food prices have turned from decline to increase, with a month-on-month rise of 0.2% and a year-on-year decline narrowing by 1.2 percentage points to 0.2% [5][6] Group 2: PPI Inflation - The PPI inflation for April is -2.7% year-on-year, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous month, and -0.4% month-on-month, which is weaker than the historical average since 2017 [12] - The decline in PPI inflation is primarily due to tariff impacts, with energy prices being suppressed and some industries facing export obstacles [15] - New momentum industries show resilience, with prices in sectors like computer and electronic equipment manufacturing improving [15] Group 3: Forward Outlook - Looking ahead, the implementation of a package of financial policies on May 7 is expected to support consumption and stabilize the real estate market, potentially leading to a stabilization and gradual recovery of core CPI inflation [11] - The PPI inflation is projected to face downward pressure due to ongoing tariff uncertainties, but the recent financial policies may alleviate some of this pressure [20] - The expected CPI inflation midpoint for Q2 is around 0.2%, while the annual midpoint is projected at 0.4%; for PPI, the Q2 midpoint may drop to around -2.5%, with an annual midpoint of -2.4% [21]

Core Viewpoint - The central theme of the report is the confidence in achieving economic goals despite external uncertainties, emphasizing the need for effective policies to support the real economy and address challenges posed by external factors [1][2]. Group 1: Economic Situation Assessment - The report expresses confidence in achieving this year's economic and social development goals, citing three supporting factors: rapid growth of new drivers, steady recovery of market demand, and solid economic fundamentals [1]. - It highlights the challenges posed by external economic conditions, including tariff impacts and insufficient internal demand, while urging a focus on development confidence and effective policy responses [1]. Group 2: Policy Stance - The monetary policy maintains an "appropriate easing" tone, upgrading the balance framework to four dimensions, including support for the real economy and maintaining the health of the banking system [5]. - The report emphasizes the need for macro policy coordination and highlights the sustainability of China's government debt expansion, suggesting that fiscal policy may further strengthen to support investment and consumption [5][8]. Group 3: Inflation and Price Control - The report acknowledges the current low inflation environment, with CPI and PPI remaining at low levels, and expresses a positive outlook for price recovery [2][3]. - It outlines the constraints on demand and supply that affect price levels, advocating for measures to expand effective demand and improve the supply-demand cycle [2]. Group 4: Interest Rate Policy - The report calls for enhancing the pricing capabilities of financial institutions and maintaining market competition, with a focus on reducing overall financing costs for enterprises [12]. - It highlights the importance of transparency in loan costs, indicating that the average interest rate for new loans was approximately 3.3%, which is historically low [12][14]. Group 5: Financial Market Development - The report emphasizes the need to enhance the bond market's functionality and manage interest rate risks, proposing the introduction of a "technology board" for bond issuance to support innovation [16]. - It notes the significant size of China's bond market, which reached 177 trillion yuan by the end of 2024, while also addressing the risks associated with short-term yield fluctuations [16].

图1：4月进出口表现好于市场预期 4月我国进出口金额同比增速表现好于市场预期，出口增速下滑但仍保持较快增长，进口降幅收窄，贸易顺差 大幅扩张。 按美元计价，进出口总金额5,352亿美元，同比增长4.6%。其中，出口3,156.9亿美元，同比 8.1%（3月12.4%，市场预期0.7%）；进口2,195.1亿美元，同比-0.2%（3月-4.3%，市场预期-6.9%）；贸易顺差 961.8亿美元，同比扩张241.9亿美元（+33.6%）。4月外需下行压力初步显现，重点港口货物和集装箱吞吐量 先下降后回升，出口集装箱运价指数环比下滑4.5%。 分地区看， 相较3月，我国对美国以及非美地区出口增速表现明显分化。4月对美出口增速大幅下降30.1pct 至-21.0%，对非美地区出口增速上行0.1pct至13.0%。非美地区中，对新兴市场如东盟出口增速大幅上行9.2pct 至20.8%，对拉美（17.3%）、非洲（25.3%）出口增速下行但保持较高增速。对欧盟增速下行2.0pct至8.3%， 对日本（7.8%）、 中国台湾地区（15.5%）出口增速提升。随着中美贸易摩擦冲击进一步显现，我国对美和对 非美地区出口表现或继续 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has maintained the benchmark interest rate at 4.25-4.50% and is facing a decision-making dilemma between combating inflation and stabilizing employment, with potential for 1-3 rate cuts within the year totaling 25-75 basis points [1][6]. Group 1: Economic Performance - The U.S. economy is currently in a solid expansion phase, with low unemployment rates and a robust job market [3][5]. - Inflation remains somewhat elevated, and the Federal Reserve is committed to achieving maximum employment and restoring inflation to 2% [3][5]. Group 2: Monetary Policy - The Federal Reserve has decided to keep the federal funds rate target range at 4.25-4.5% and will closely monitor economic indicators, including labor market conditions and inflation pressures, to determine future policy adjustments [3][5]. - The Fed is cautious about the risks associated with its dual mandate of employment and inflation, acknowledging that both unemployment and inflation risks have risen [5][6]. Group 3: Market Strategy - The recommendation is to maintain a strategy of buying long-duration U.S. Treasuries on dips and shorting the dollar on rallies [2][8]. - The market is currently neutral, with expectations for rate cuts being tempered, and the probability of a June rate cut has decreased to around 20% [7][8].