Core Insights - The core CPI shows improvement year-on-year, while the PPI continues to expand its year-on-year decline. In May, the CPI decreased month-on-month, but the core CPI's year-on-year growth rate increased. The PPI's month-on-month decline remained stable, with a year-on-year decline expanding by 0.6 percentage points, both influenced by fluctuations in international energy prices [1][3]. CPI Analysis - In May, the CPI decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, consistent with the previous month. The core CPI recorded a year-on-year growth of 0.6%, an increase of 0.1 percentage points from last month. The CPI's year-on-year growth was affected by a tail effect contributing approximately -0.2 percentage points, while new price changes contributed about 0.1 percentage points [5][11]. - Food prices fell by 0.4% year-on-year, with fresh fruits, pork, and seafood prices rising, collectively impacting the CPI by 0.21 percentage points. Conversely, fresh vegetables and egg prices decreased, affecting the CPI by -0.19 percentage points. Non-food prices remained stable compared to last month [5][8]. - Energy prices decreased by 6.1% year-on-year, with a decline of 1.7% month-on-month, impacting the CPI's year-on-year decline by approximately 0.47 percentage points. However, some sectors showed positive price changes, such as gold jewelry and household textiles, which increased by 40.1% and 1.9%, respectively [5][8]. PPI Analysis - The PPI's year-on-year decline recorded -3.3% in May, with the decline expanding by 0.6 percentage points from the previous month. The tail effect contributed approximately -1.8 percentage points, while new price changes contributed about -1.5 percentage points. The production materials price decreased by -4.0% year-on-year, while the living materials price decreased by -1.4% [11][13]. - Major industries such as coal mining (-18.2%), oil and gas extraction (-17.3%), and kerosene processing (-14.7%) experienced significant price declines. However, prices in sectors like washing machine manufacturing and automobile manufacturing saw a reduction in their decline rates compared to last month [11][13]. - The PPI's month-on-month decline remained at 0.4%, with production materials prices decreasing by 0.6%. The oil and gas extraction industry saw a price drop of 5.6%, while refined petroleum products and chemical industries also experienced declines [13].

Core Viewpoint - In May, China's export growth rate recorded a year-on-year increase of 4.8%, showing resilience despite a high base effect and a 3.3 percentage point decline from April, with trade surplus continuing to expand [1][2][12] Export Performance - The export performance in May is characterized by a slight decline but remains robust, primarily driven by re-exports and a temporary easing of reciprocal tariffs [2][12] - The high base from the previous year and significant reciprocal tariffs in early May suppressed exports, while direct exports to the U.S. continue to decline [2][12] - In the latter half of May, the easing of reciprocal tariffs and high export levels to ASEAN and other re-export countries provided support for exports [2][12] Quantity and Price Analysis - The analysis of export growth by quantity and price indicates a decline in quantity-driven growth, while price drag has narrowed [4] - The significant drop in quantity-driven growth is attributed to tariffs and high base effects, with raw materials showing a notable decline in quantity contribution [4] Regional and Category Insights - Exports to the EU (12.1%) and Africa (33.5%) showed a counter-trend increase, while exports to other regions, including Latin America (2.3%) and the U.S. (-34.4%), saw significant declines [6] - The increase in exports to the EU is likely benefiting from European recovery and improved China-EU trade relations, while exports to ASEAN remain high [6] Product-Specific Trends - Integrated circuits continue to see strong re-export activity, with a year-on-year increase of 33.7%, while other electronic products experienced varying degrees of decline [8] - In the automotive sector, exports increased by 13.7%, and shipbuilding exports surged by 44% [8] - Labor-intensive products like clothing (3%) and toys (-0.6%) showed mixed results, with textiles (-1.9%) and footwear (-5.5%) experiencing more significant declines [8] Import Dynamics - In May, China's import growth rate fell to -3.4%, a decline of over 3 percentage points from April, with imports from major trading partners, except the EU (0%), also decreasing [10] - The decline in imports is attributed to reduced demand for assembly materials and weakening domestic demand [10] - Notably, imports of agricultural products saw a significant rebound, with soybeans increasing by 22.6% [11] Trade Surplus - China's trade surplus expanded to $103.22 billion in May, reflecting a recovery from April [12] - Future export outlook suggests that the temporary easing of reciprocal tariffs will expire in a month, and ongoing monitoring of high-frequency indicators is necessary to observe potential turning points in re-exports and direct exports [15]

Group 1: Commodity Price Forecast - The article predicts that gold will experience range-bound fluctuations, while copper and oil are expected to trend upwards [1][13]. - Uncertainties in geopolitical negotiations, such as those involving the US and Iran, are contributing to the rebound in oil prices from their lows [13]. Group 2: Domestic Demand - New home sales, second-hand home sales, and passenger car sales have all declined, while the average monthly sales price of home appliances has shown a mixed trend with more increases than decreases year-on-year [3]. - During the Dragon Boat Festival holiday, domestic travel and spending increased by 5.7% and 5.9% year-on-year, respectively, with box office revenue reaching 460 million yuan, a 33.3% increase [4]. Group 3: External Demand - Export growth has generally slowed, with June showing a decline in high-frequency export indicators and shipping rates [6]. - Container arrivals from China to the US have shifted from an increase to a decrease, indicating reduced transshipment activity [7]. - South Korea's exports fell in May, particularly in steel and petroleum products [8]. Group 4: Production - Demand for steel is weak due to the off-season, leading to a decrease in production rates and prices [10]. - As summer approaches, coal and electricity demand may increase, although recent weather conditions have led to a temporary decline in coal consumption [11]. Group 5: Price Trends - Prices for major commodities have generally rebounded, while domestic prices for steel, glass, coal, and cement continue to decline [12]. - The article notes that the market's concerns over copper tariffs are supporting copper prices as they trend upwards [13].

报 告 正 文 就业前值再下修。 5月新增非农就业人数下降至13.9万人，同时3月和4月合计下修9.5万人。今年以来，新增非农就业人数持续下调，或意味着 当前就业水平存在一 定程度的高估。分行业来看，新增就业主要来源从政府转向服务业。 5月服务业新增就业较上月提升，政府裁员影响仍在持续显现，5月联邦政府就业减少2.2万 人，自1月以来已减少5.9万人。而制造业更容易受到关税政策的影响，新增就业较上月减少1.3万人。 劳动参与率下降。 5月失业率维持在4.2%，不过，劳动参与率下降0.2个百分点至62.4%，同时25-54岁黄金年龄群体的劳动参与率也有下行，永久退出劳动力市场的 人增加。6月初纽约联储报告显示，关税正在推高企业定价并影响招聘决策。此外，随着联邦政府削减开支，未来或减少对承包商、大学等工作岗位的需求。整体 来看，就业降温趋势不变。 新增非农就业放 缓 。 5月新增非农就业人数降至13.9万人，较上月延续减少。从长期趋势来看，新增就业人数基本走平，就业市场仍然保持较好势头。不过，3月 和4月新增非农就业人数均有下调，较上次报告合计下修9.5万人。年初以来，就业人数前值不断下修，意味着当前就业水平或被 ...

Group 1 - The urban surveyed unemployment rate in China remains around 5.2%, while the expenditure of the unemployment insurance fund is experiencing significant growth, indicating a disparity between the two metrics [1][4][10] - The increase in unemployment insurance expenditure is attributed to policy adjustments made since 2018, which expanded the scope of unemployment insurance to include preventive measures and enhanced support for employment [4][7] - In 2023, the total expenditure on unemployment insurance benefits reached 97.6 billion yuan, accounting for 65.7% of total expenditures, with the remaining funds directed towards employment promotion and livelihood support [4][9] Group 2 - In 2024, the total number of employees in listed companies is expected to grow at a slower pace, with an average monthly salary showing a decline [15][17] - The financial, automotive, construction real estate, and consumer electronics sectors are the largest employers, with state-owned banks employing 6.5% of the total workforce [17][18] - The automotive and export-related sectors are experiencing continuous growth in employee numbers, while retail and real estate sectors are seeing a decline [20][22] Group 3 - To improve the employment environment, it is suggested to enhance the statistical system for employment data, including better monitoring of new employment forms and optimizing statistical methods [28][30] - Breaking down household registration barriers is recommended to allow labor to flow freely according to market demand, optimizing resource allocation and expanding employment opportunities [30][32] - There is a need to improve the unemployment insurance system by increasing coverage and benefit levels to provide basic living support for unemployed individuals, thereby enhancing their re-employment capabilities and stabilizing the employment situation [30][32]

核 心 观 点 在特朗普上任伊始，就签署了《美国优先投资政策》总统备忘录，旨在进一步限制中美之间的投资往来，并鼓励盟友投资。那么，《美国优先投资政策》到底 该如何理解？又会带来怎样的影响？ 美国对华投资限制，在哪些方面？ 与现行规则相比，《美国优先投资政策》备忘录强化了 三项重要措施。一是扩大限制美对中投资范围与类型 ，将对外投 资审查范围扩大，从半导体、量子和人工智能三个行业， 扩大至生物技术、高超音速、航空航天、先进制造、定向能源以及中国国家军民融合战略涉及的领 域 。同时，考虑将公开交易证券纳入限制。 二是扩大外国投资委员会（CFIUS）的审查权限，加强审查中对美投资。三是考虑终止1984《中美所得税协 定》。 在限制投资政策的落实中， 美国财政部既负责制定规则，也是执行制裁的主导者 。其下属部门中， OFAC和CFIUS负责审查外国对美投资 ，CFIUS负 责审查外国投资美国战略部门的交易。投资限制发端于特朗普第一任期，并在拜登任期内强化。从落地程序来看， 限制中美投资往来的细则待财政部制定， 具体规则最快或在一个季度内出台，最晚可能在年底前 ；中概股最早可能在2026年年中面临退市风险；终止中美所得 ...

Fiscal Policy Insights - The current macroeconomic policy framework has changed significantly, with a focus on fiscal policy rather than solely relying on historical experiences [1][3] - Fiscal policy is theoretically a counter-cyclical tool, but in practice, it often exhibits pro-cyclical characteristics due to various constraints [3][7] - Recent years have seen fiscal expenditure growth lagging behind GDP growth, primarily due to the limitations of land finance [6][7] Government Debt and Leverage - China's government leverage ratio is relatively low compared to global standards, providing room for increased borrowing [9] - The strict constraints on government borrowing are loosening, allowing for better counter-cyclical adjustments in fiscal policy [13] Monetary Policy Dynamics - Monetary policy is increasingly resembling fiscal policy, with a notable decline in the sensitivity of financing demand to interest rates in a low-rate environment [15][18] - The current monetary policy is characterized by a "factually tight" approach, where policy rate adjustments lag behind market movements, creating potential upward risks for interest rates [17] Investment Strategy - The investment strategy for the year should focus on aligning with fiscal policy, particularly in the areas of technology and consumption [27] - There is a shift from debt investment to equity investment in public finance, with state-owned capital increasingly supporting technology sectors [27][28] Consumption Support - Fiscal support for consumption is evident through large-scale replacement policies, which have positively impacted sales in sectors like automobiles and home appliances [30] - The focus on "inclusive consumption" reflects a shift from pre-2020 consumption upgrade models, emphasizing fairness and broad access [32]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the easing of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, along with significant military and infrastructure investments in Europe, is expected to create substantial incremental demand for copper, impacting its supply-demand dynamics and pricing [1][4][18]. Group 2 - The supply-demand structure of refined copper has shown a tightening supply since 2010, but a surplus is anticipated in 2024 for the first time in 15 years, with a projected supply-demand gap of approximately 0.04% of global copper production if Russian production returns to pre-conflict levels [5][16]. - The primary source of refined copper is primary copper, which is derived from copper mining, and the current trend shows a continuous decline in copper resources and grades, leading to a tight supply in both the short and long term [6][11]. - The demand for copper is primarily driven by industrial needs, with electricity accounting for about 40% of total copper consumption, while developed economies focus more on replacement and maintenance rather than new infrastructure [20][22]. Group 3 - Short-term factors that may exceed expectations include tariff policies, particularly the ongoing Section 232 investigation initiated by Trump, which could lead to a potential price increase of around 10% if tariffs are adjusted [2][30]. - Long-term themes for copper investment include energy transition, with clean energy and electric vehicle demand expected to contribute significantly to copper consumption, potentially adding 2% to total demand [39][41][44]. Group 4 - The article predicts that copper prices still have upward potential, with an estimated increase of over 10% by the end of the year, driven by a marginal demand increase of approximately 3% [3][50]. - Factors such as the outcome of the tariff investigation and the potential for new investment in energy infrastructure are expected to create volatility in copper prices, with a possible fluctuation of around 10% [32][50].

Core Viewpoint - The article provides a forecast for various macroeconomic indicators in May, indicating a mixed outlook for industrial production, fixed asset investment, retail sales, trade, and monetary conditions, reflecting ongoing economic adjustments and external influences. Group 1: Industrial Production - Industrial added value is expected to grow by 6% year-on-year in May, with the manufacturing PMI rising to 49.5, indicating a recovery in production and demand [1] - Key indicators show a decline in the operating rates of automotive tires, while the chemical industry shows varied performance [1] Group 2: Fixed Asset Investment - Fixed asset investment is projected to grow by 3.9% year-on-year in May, with manufacturing and real estate investments declining, while infrastructure investment remains stable [2] - High-frequency data indicates a decrease in steel prices and an increase in asphalt operating rates, supporting stable infrastructure investment [2] Group 3: Retail Sales - Social retail sales are expected to grow by 4.7% year-on-year in May, down from 5.1% in April, with service retail showing stronger growth [3] - The automotive market is experiencing cautious sentiment due to international uncertainties, impacting retail sales growth [3] Group 4: Trade - Exports are forecasted to grow by 5% year-on-year in May, while imports are expected to remain flat at 0% [4] - Factors such as increased port activity in Southeast Asia and tariff reductions are influencing export dynamics [4] Group 5: Monetary Conditions - New credit is expected to reach 800 billion yuan in May, with total social financing at 2 trillion yuan and M2 growth at 7.7% [5] - The article notes a shift in loan dynamics, with government bonds contributing significantly to social financing [5] Group 6: Inflation - CPI is projected to decline by 0.1% year-on-year in May, while PPI is expected to drop to -3% [5] - Price movements in fresh produce and energy are influencing inflation metrics [5] Group 7: Economic Forecasts - A summary table outlines various economic indicators for May 2025, including GDP growth, industrial added value, retail sales, fixed asset investment, exports, imports, trade surplus, CPI, PPI, and M2 growth [6]

Domestic Demand - New housing sales growth is improving, while second-hand housing and passenger car sales are declining; home appliance average sales prices show mixed trends with more increases than decreases year-on-year [1][8] - Service consumption shows divergence, with movie box office improving and hotel revenue per available room declining but showing year-on-year growth [1][8] External Demand - Export indicators such as container throughput and departing ship weights have decreased, suggesting a potential decline in export growth due to high base effects from the previous year [3] - Container booking volumes from China to U.S. ports continue to rise year-on-year, while traditional transshipment trade areas see a significant drop, indicating a shift from transshipment to direct exports [4] - The U.S. International Trade Court has temporarily allowed tariffs to continue, with the final ruling still pending, necessitating close monitoring of developments [5] Production - Downstream demand remains weak, with speculative demand in the chemical chain decreasing and related product prices falling; steel procurement enthusiasm is low, leading to a decline in steel prices [6] - Employment indices remain stable, with a slight increase in employment price indices, while job search and recruitment-related search indices show a downward trend [6] Prices - Gold and oil prices have retreated, while copper remains in a fluctuating range; domestic chemical products and steel prices continue to decline [7] - Market expectations of OPEC+ accelerating oil production have pressured international oil prices, while geopolitical tensions provide some support for oil prices; gold remains in a fluctuating range but is expected to trend upward in the long term due to ongoing U.S. debt issues and global instability [7]