投资咨询业务资格:证监许可 [2011] 1292号 2025年7月1日 | 68.20% | 硅铁 (SF509) | 折算价:72硅铁合格块:内蒙-天津仓单 | 5344 | 184 | 5528 | 3.44% | 178 | 硅罐(SM509) | 5820 | 55.00% | 折算价:6517硅锰:内蒙-湖北仓单 | 5642 | 3.15% | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 133 | 3130 | 2997 | 4.44% | 螺纹钢 (RB2510) | 59.20% | HRB40020mm:上海 | 77 | 热卷(HC2510) | 3200 | 3123 | 49.20% | Q235B: 4.75mm: 上海 | 2.47% | | | | | | 759 | 716 | 43 | 折算价:62.5%巴混粉(BRBF):淡水河谷:日照港 | 铁矿石 (12509) | 6.0 ...

特殊商品： 玻璃、纯碱、工业硅、天然橡胶、多晶硅 证监许可【2011】1292 号 联系信息： 2025 年 7 月 1 日星期二 广发早知道-特殊商品版 投资咨询业务资格： 广发期货研究所 电 话：020-88830760 E-Mail：zhaoliang@gf.com.cn 目录： 蒋诗语（投资咨询资格编号：Z0017002） 电话：020- 88818019 邮箱：jiangshiyu@gf.com.cn 纪元菲（投资咨询资格编号：Z0013180） 电话：020- 88818012 邮箱：jiyuanfei@gf.com.cn 寇帝斯（投资咨询资格编号：Z0021810） 电话：020- 88818037 邮箱：koudisi@gf.com.cn 本报告中所有观点仅供参考，请务必阅读正文之后的免责声明。 2025 年 7 月 1 日星期二 广发期货早评 | | | 分品种简评图 | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 品种 | 主力合约 | 点评 | 操作建议 | | 橡胶 | RU2509 | 基本面走弱预期，空单继续持有 | 14000 以上空单继续持有 | | 工业硅 | ...

Group 1: Oil and Fat Industry Investment Rating Not provided Core View - Palm oil: With concerns about month - end inventory growth, the Malaysian crude palm oil futures may face downward pressure to seek support around 3,800 ringgit. In China, Dalian palm oil futures may seek support at the annual line of 8,200 yuan [2]. - Soybean oil: Weak crude oil reduces the attractiveness of soybean oil as a biodiesel raw material. Abundant rainfall in US soybean - growing areas and high - yield expectations put pressure on CBOT soybeans and soy oil. In China, downstream demand is weak, and soybean oil inventory is expected to increase [2]. Summary by Directory - **Price Changes**: From June 27 to June 30, the spot price of Jiangsu first - grade soybean oil decreased by 50 yuan to 8,240 yuan, a decline of 0.60%; the futures price of Y2509 decreased by 18 yuan to 7,984 yuan, a decline of 0.22%. The spot price of Guangdong 24 - degree palm oil decreased by 100 yuan to 8,400 yuan, a decline of 1.18%; the futures price of P2509 decreased by 46 yuan to 8,330 yuan, a decline of 0.55%. The spot price of Jiangsu fourth - grade rapeseed oil decreased by 70 yuan, a decline of 0.73%; the futures price of 01509 decreased by 51 yuan to 9,415 yuan, a decline of 0.54% [2]. - **Basis and Spread**: The basis of Y2509 decreased by 32 yuan to 256 yuan, a decline of 11.11%; the basis of P2509 decreased by 54 yuan to 70 yuan, a decline of 43.55%; the basis of 01509 decreased by 19 yuan, a decline of 10.33%. The soybean - palm oil spot spread increased by 50 yuan to - 160 yuan, an increase of 23.81%; the 2509 spread increased by 28 yuan to - 346 yuan, an increase of 7.49% [2]. Group 2: Sugar Industry Investment Rating Not provided Core View - The increase in the ethanol blending ratio in Brazilian gasoline supports a slight rebound in raw sugar prices, but the global supply surplus limits the rebound height, and raw sugar is expected to remain in a bottom - oscillating pattern. In China, the market sentiment has improved, and the bullish sentiment may last for some time. Considering the expected increase in imports, the domestic supply - demand situation will gradually ease, and a bearish view is maintained after the rebound [5]. Summary by Directory - **Price Changes**: From the previous value, the futures price of sugar 2601 increased by 28 yuan to 5,628 yuan, an increase of 0.50%; the futures price of sugar 2509 increased by 15 yuan to 5,807 yuan, an increase of 0.26%. The price of ICE raw sugar decreased by 0.50 cents to 16.19 cents per pound, a decline of 3.00% [5]. - **Industry Situation**: The cumulative national sugar production reached 1,116.21 tons, an increase of 119.89 tons or 12.03% year - on - year; the cumulative national sugar sales reached 811.38 tons, an increase of 152.10 tons or 23.07% year - on - year. The national industrial sugar inventory decreased by 32.21 tons to 304.83 tons, a decline of 9.56% [5]. Group 3: Cotton Industry Investment Rating Not provided Core View The contradiction of tight old - crop cotton inventory in the upstream supply cannot be resolved in the short term, but the long - term supply is expected to be sufficient. The downstream industry continues to weaken, with increasing finished - product inventory. The driving force for cotton price increases is insufficient, and the cotton price is expected to remain in a range - bound pattern [6]. Summary by Directory - **Price Changes**: From the previous value, the futures price of cotton 2509 decreased by 20 yuan to 13,740 yuan, a decline of 0.15%; the futures price of cotton 2601 decreased by 5 yuan to 13,760 yuan, a decline of 0.04%. The price of ICE US cotton decreased by 1.28 cents to 68.04 cents per pound, a decline of 1.85% [6]. - **Industry Situation**: The industrial cotton inventory decreased by 1.10 tons to 93.01 tons, a decline of 1.2%; the cotton import volume decreased by 2.00 tons to 4.00 tons, a decline of 33.3%. The yarn inventory days increased by 1.52 days to 23.86 days, an increase of 6.8%; the grey - fabric inventory days increased by 2.57 days to 35.46 days, an increase of 7.8% [6]. Group 4: Egg Industry Investment Rating Not provided Core View The national egg supply is sufficient, the demand is average, and downstream purchasers are cautious. Egg prices are expected to remain stable first, decline slightly in the short term, and then stabilize [8]. Summary by Directory - **Price Changes**: The futures price of the egg 09 contract increased by 16 yuan to 3,689 yuan per 500 kg, an increase of 0.44%; the futures price of the egg 07 contract increased by 18 yuan to 2,821 yuan per 500 kg, an increase of 0.64%. The egg - producing area price decreased by 0.14 yuan to 2.78 yuan per catty, a decline of 4.90% [7]. - **Related Indicators**: The price of egg - laying chicken chicks remained at 4.00 yuan per chick; the price of culled chickens increased by 0.18 yuan to 4.62 yuan per catty, an increase of 4.05%. The egg - feed ratio decreased by 0.09 to 2.24, a decline of 3.86% [7]. Group 5: Meal Industry Investment Rating Not provided Core View The US soybean planting area report had a neutral impact. The technical support for US soybeans has strengthened, and the Brazilian soybean market is boosted by the rising basis of August and September shipments. In China, the inventory of soybeans and soybean meal is rising, the basis is stable, and the supply is expected to be high. The soybean meal trend is not yet clear, and there may be opportunities to go long at low prices [11]. Summary by Directory - **Price Changes**: The spot price of Jiangsu soybean meal increased by 20 yuan to 2,840 yuan, an increase of 0.71%; the futures price of M2509 increased by 15 yuan to 2,961 yuan, an increase of 0.51%. The spot price of Jiangsu rapeseed meal increased by 40 yuan to 2,470 yuan, an increase of 1.65%; the futures price of RM2509 increased by 13 yuan to 2,572 yuan, an increase of 0.51% [11]. - **Spread and Ratio**: The soybean meal 09 - 01 spread increased by 3 yuan to - 38 yuan, an increase of 7.32%; the rapeseed meal 09 - 01 spread increased by 2 yuan to 271 yuan, an increase of 0.74%. The oil - meal ratio of the spot decreased by 0.038 to 2.90, a decline of 1.30%; the oil - meal ratio of the main contract decreased by 0.020 to 2.70, a decline of 0.73% [11]. Group 6: Corn and Corn Starch Industry Investment Rating Not provided Core View The corn supply is tight, and the spot price is rising steadily. In the Northeast, the remaining grain is scarce, and traders are reluctant to sell. In North China, the corn arrival volume is low, and deep - processing enterprises are raising prices to purchase. Downstream demand is weak, but the wheat - corn price difference is shrinking, which limits the increase in corn prices. In the long term, the tight supply and increasing consumption support the upward movement of corn prices. A large - scale increase in imports is expected. The corn auction starts on July 1, and the overall trend is bullish [13][15]. Summary by Directory - **Price Changes**: The futures price of corn 2509 decreased by 6 yuan to 2,378 yuan, a decline of 0.25%; the futures price of corn starch 2509 decreased by 10 yuan to 2,733 yuan, a decline of 0.36% [13]. - **Industry Situation**: The number of vehicles remaining in the morning at Shandong deep - processing enterprises increased by 65 to 216, an increase of 43.05%. The corn starch inventory increased by 948 to 23,822, an increase of 4.14% [13]. Group 7: Pig Industry Investment Rating Not provided Core View The spot price of pigs is still in a volatile structure. The enthusiasm of secondary fattening has declined, and the slaughter procurement difficulty has slightly increased. The current breeding profit is declining, and the market capacity expansion is cautious. The market expects a potential upward trend in July and August, but there may be a risk of price decline for the 09 contract near the delivery date if the inventory is postponed [16][17]. Summary by Directory - **Price Changes**: The futures price of live pigs 2507 increased by 225 yuan to 13,850 yuan, an increase of 1.65%; the futures price of live pigs 2509 decreased by 135 yuan to 13,870 yuan, a decline of 0.96% [16]. - **Industry Situation**: The daily slaughter volume of sample points decreased by 376 to 140,739, a decline of 0.27%. The self - breeding profit per head increased by 30.9 yuan to 50 yuan, an increase of 159.02%; the profit of purchasing piglets for breeding increased by 55.1 yuan to - 132 yuan, an increase of 29.49% [16].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - There is no information about the industry investment rating in the provided reports. 2. Core Views - The reports present the latest data on various futures, including stock index futures, Treasury bond futures, precious metal futures, and shipping futures, along with their price changes, spreads, and related economic indicators. These data can help investors understand the market trends and make investment decisions [1][2][6][9]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Stock Index Futures - **Price Changes**: The latest prices of IF, IH, IC, and IM contracts show different degrees of change compared to the previous day, with some spreads increasing and some decreasing [1]. - **Historical Percentiles**: The historical 1 - year and full - history percentiles of various spreads are provided, which can help investors evaluate the current spread levels [1]. Treasury Bond Futures - **Basis and Spreads**: The basis of TS, TF, T, and TL contracts and their inter - period spreads and cross - variety spreads are presented, along with their changes compared to the previous trading day and the percentiles since listing [2]. Precious Metal Futures - **Domestic and Foreign Prices**: The domestic and foreign futures closing prices, spot prices, basis, and price ratios of gold and silver are given, as well as the changes in interest rates and exchange rates [6]. - **Inventory and Position**: The inventory and position data of domestic and foreign precious metal futures are provided, including the changes in inventory and position compared to the previous period [6]. Shipping Futures - **Freight Rates**: The Shanghai - Europe future 6 - week freight rates, settlement price indices, and Shanghai export container freight rates are presented, along with their changes and percentage changes [9]. - **Futures Prices and Basis**: The futures prices of different contracts and the basis of the main contract are given, as well as their changes compared to the previous period [9]. - **Fundamentals**: The data on global container shipping capacity supply, port on - time rates, port berthing conditions, monthly export amounts, and overseas economic indicators are provided [9]. Data and Information - **Overseas Data**: The economic indicators and financial events of the eurozone and the United States, such as PMI, CPI, and job vacancies, are presented [12]. - **Domestic Data**: The economic indicators and financial events in China, including PMI, port inventories, and product sales rates, are provided [12].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content found Group 2: Core View of the Report - The total positions of IF, IH, IC, and IM in stock index futures all decreased on June 30, 2025, with significant position - reducing operations by major institutions such as Guojun and CITIC in multiple varieties [1][5][11] Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs IF (CSI 300) - **Total Position and Main Contract Position Change**: On June 30, the total position of the IF variety decreased by 9,541 hands, and the position of the main contract 2509 decreased by 3,939 hands [5] - **Top Twenty Long - Position Seats**: Guotai Junan Futures ranked first with a total position of 42,147 hands. Guotou Futures had the most long - position increase (939 hands), and Guotai Junan Futures had the most long - position decrease (3,145 hands) [6] - **Top Twenty Short - Position Seats**: CITIC Futures ranked first with a total position of 45,186 hands. Huatai Futures had the most short - position increase (869 hands), and Guotai Junan Futures had the most short - position decrease (2,709 hands) [8] IH (SSE 50) - **Total Position and Main Contract Position Change**: On June 30, the total position of the IH variety decreased by 8,594 hands, and the position of the main contract 2509 decreased by 3,937 hands [11] - **Top Twenty Long - Position Seats**: Guotai Junan Futures ranked first with a total position of 9,949 hands. Shenyin Wanguo Futures had the most long - position increase (126 hands), and Guotai Junan Futures had the most long - position decrease (1,881 hands) [12] - **Top Twenty Short - Position Seats**: Guotai Junan Futures ranked first with a total position of 12,316 hands. Huatai Futures had the most short - position increase (153 hands), and Guotai Junan Futures had the most short - position decrease (2,154 hands) [13] IC (CSI 500) - **Total Position and Main Contract Position Change**: On June 30, the total position of the IC variety decreased by 7,778 hands, and the position of the main contract 2507 decreased by 4,070 hands [17] - **Top Twenty Long - Position Seats**: CITIC Futures ranked first with a total position of 33,338 hands. Haitong Futures had the most long - position increase (946 hands), and CITIC Futures had the most long - position decrease (2,704 hands) [18] - **Top Twenty Short - Position Seats**: CITIC Futures ranked first with a total position of 39,501 hands. UBS Futures had the most short - position increase (963 hands), and CITIC Futures had the most short - position decrease (3,796 hands) [20] IM (CSI 1000) - **Total Position and Main Contract Position Change**: On June 30, the total position of the IM variety decreased by 19,165 hands, and the position of the main contract 2509 decreased by 9,029 hands [23] - **Top Twenty Long - Position Seats**: Guotai Junan Futures ranked first with a total position of 40,658 hands. Nanhua Futures had the most long - position increase (108 hands), and CITIC Futures had the most long - position decrease (6,311 hands) [24] - **Top Twenty Short - Position Seats**: CITIC Futures ranked first with a total position of 58,581 hands. J.P. Morgan Futures had the most short - position increase (109 hands), and CITIC Futures had the most short - position decrease (6,396 hands) [25]

广发早知道-汇总版 广发期货研究所 电 话：020-88830760 E-Mail：zhaoliang@gf.com.cn 目录： 金融衍生品： 金融期货： 股指期货、国债期货 贵金属： 黄金、白银 集运欧线 商品期货： 有色金属： 铜、氧化铝、铝、铝合金、锌、镍、不锈钢、碳酸锂 黑色金属： 钢材、铁矿石、焦煤、焦炭 农产品： 油脂、粕类、玉米、生猪、白糖、棉花、鸡蛋、花生、红枣、苹果 能源化工： 原油、PTA、乙二醇、苯乙烯、短纤、尿素、瓶片、烧碱、PVC、LLDPE、 PP 特殊商品： 橡胶、玻璃纯碱、工业硅、多晶硅 2025 年 7 月 1 日星期二 投资咨询业务资格： 证监许可【2011】1292 号 组长联系信息： 张晓珍（投资咨询资格：Z0003135） 电话：020- 88818009 邮箱：zhangxiaozhen@gf.com.cn 刘珂（投资咨询资格：Z0016336） 电话：020-88818026 邮箱：qhliuke@gf.com.cn 叶倩宁（投资咨询资格：Z0016628） 电话：020- 88818017 邮箱：yeqianning@gf.com.cn 周敏波（投资咨询资格： ...

苹果期货周报 作者：王泽辉 投资咨询资格：Z0019938 联系方式：020-88818064 2025-6-28 本报告中所有观点仅供参考，请务必阅读此报告倒数第二页的免责声明。 广发期货APP 微信公众号 苹果周度观点与展望 | 主要观点 | 未来展望 | | --- | --- | | ⚫ 本周各产区套袋工作陆续结束，用工紧张情况有所缓解。库内苹果交投稳淡，客商维持按需拿 | 西部极早熟苹果上市，价格较去 | | 货，少量客商询价增多，但实际成交有限。西部产区多以客商自行发市场为主，部分冷库仍存 | 年略高。后续关注新季早熟苹果 | | 在水烂点现象；极早熟藤木、光果晨阳等开始上市，价格略高于去年。山东产区继续以高性价 | 上市交易情况。 | | 比货源交易为主，大果走货不快。终端市场桃子、荔枝、瓜类等消暑类应季水果消费增加，明 | | | 显冲击苹果市场。 | | 苹果 ⚫ 苹果市场目前淡季特征明显，消暑类水果抢占苹果消费市场份额。目前产区整体成交氛围不旺， 客商维持按需拿货，库内交易以高性价比货源为主。目前走货速度慢于去年同期，但目前库存 水平处于低位，价格存在底部支撑，预计短期价格仍表现稳定，后期 ...

| 油脂产业期现日报 | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | A KH | | | | | | | | | | | | | 投资咨询业务资格:证监许可 [2011] 1292号 | 王滚框 | Z0019938 | 2025年6月30日 | | | | | | | | | | 票阳 | 6月27日 | 6月26日 | 涨跌幅 | 张跃 | | | | | | | | | 江苏一级 | 8290 | 8240 | 50 | 0.61% | 现价 | 8002 | Y2509 | 8000 | 2 | 0.03% | 期价 | | 基差 | Y2509 | 288 | 240 | 48 | 20.00% | 现货墓差报价 | 江苏6月 | 09 +250 | 09+250 | 0 | - | | 仓单 | 18882 | 18882 | 0.00% | 0 | 棕榈油 | | | | | | | | 6月27日 | 6月26日 | 涨跌幅 | 涨跌 | 8 ...

关注微信公众号 | 产业期现日报 | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 资咨询业务资格:证监许可 [2011] 1292号 | | | | 徐艺丹 Z0020017 | | | 铁矿石相关价格及价差 | | | | | | | 品种 | 现值 | 前值 | 涨跌 | 涨跌幅 | 单位 | | 仓单成本:卡粉 | 717.6 | 707.7 | 9.9 | 1.4% | | | 仓单成本:PB粉 | 746.9 | 739.2 | 7.7 | 1.0% | | | 仓单成本:巴混粉 | 757.8 | 750.2 | 7.5 | 1.0% | | | 仓单成本:金布巴粉 | 739.0 | 731.4 | 7.5 | 1.0% | | | 09合约基差:卡粉 | 50.4 | 44.7 | 5.7 | 12.8% | | | 09合约基差:PB粉 | 30.4 | 76.2 | -45.8 | -60.1% | 元/吨 | | 09合约基差:巴混粉 | 41.3 | 87.2 | -46.0 | -52.7% | | | 09合约基差:金布巴粉 ...

Report Industry Investment Ratings There is no specific industry investment rating provided in the given reports. Core Views Copper - Market expects the Fed to enter an interest - rate cut cycle in July or September, weakening the US dollar and boosting copper prices. The tight supply in other regions and the continuation of "strong reality" in the fundamentals support copper prices. Short - term copper prices may rebound, and the shortage trend is hard to reverse before the "232" investigation ends, with a reference range of 79000 - 81000 [1]. Aluminum - Alumina market maintains a slight surplus in the short - term, with prices expected to oscillate weakly, and it is recommended to short at high levels in the medium - term, with a reference range of 2750 - 3150. Aluminum prices are supported by the macro environment and low inventory but limited by the off - season, expected to be in high - level wide - range oscillations, with a reference range of 20000 - 20800 [3]. Aluminum Alloy - The aluminum - alloy market remains in a situation of weak supply and demand, with the demand side being more prominent. The market will continue to suppress price increases, but the stable aluminum - aluminum alloy price spread and the strong electrolytic aluminum price provide support. The price is expected to oscillate weakly, with a reference range of 19200 - 20000 [4]. Zinc - The zinc ore supply is in a loose trend. The demand side is weakening. It is advisable to take a high - short approach, with a focus on the TC growth rate and downstream demand changes. The reference range for the main contract is 22500 - 23000 [7]. Nickel - The nickel market has a short - term price rebound due to improved sentiment. The supply shortage of nickel ore has been alleviated. The cost support has weakened, and the medium - term supply is loose. The price is expected to adjust within a range, with a reference range of 116000 - 124000 [9]. Stainless Steel - The stainless - steel market has a short - term price rebound affected by news and sentiment. The fundamentals are weak, with high production, weak demand, and slow inventory reduction. The price is expected to operate weakly, with a reference range of 12300 - 13000 [11]. Tin - The tin supply recovery is slow, and the price is expected to oscillate strongly in the short - term. Considering the pessimistic demand outlook, it is advisable to short at high levels based on the inflection points of inventory and import data [12]. Lithium Carbonate - The lithium carbonate market has a short - term price rebound due to news and sentiment. The supply is sufficient with clear pressure, and the demand is hard to boost. The price is expected to operate within a range of 58000 - 64000, and attention should be paid to upstream production and downstream orders [14]. Summary by Related Catalogs Copper - **Price and Basis**: SMM 1 electrolytic copper rose to 80125 yuan/ton, up 1.50%. The refined - scrap price difference increased by 35.34%. The import profit and loss was - 2990 yuan/ton [1]. - **Fundamental Data**: In May, electrolytic copper production was 113.83 million tons, up 1.12%, and imports were 25.31 million tons, up 1.23%. Domestic social inventory decreased by 10.83% [1]. Aluminum - **Price and Spread**: SMM A00 aluminum rose to 20890 yuan/ton, up 1.36%. The import profit and loss was - 1169 yuan/ton [3]. - **Fundamental Data**: In May, alumina production was 727.21 million tons, up 2.66%, and electrolytic aluminum production was 372.90 million tons, up 3.41%. The social inventory of electrolytic aluminum increased by 3.12% [3]. Aluminum Alloy - **Price and Spread**: SMM aluminum alloy ADC12 rose to 20100 yuan/ton, up 0.50%. The monthly spread of some contracts changed [4]. - **Fundamental Data**: In May, the production of recycled aluminum alloy ingots was 60.60 million tons, down 0.66%. The weekly social inventory of recycled aluminum alloy ingots increased by 6.74% [4]. Zinc - **Price and Spread**: SMM 0 zinc ingot rose to 22570 yuan/ton, up 1.39%. The import profit and loss was - 1307 yuan/ton [7]. - **Fundamental Data**: In May, refined zinc production was 54.94 million tons, down 1.08%, and imports were 2.82 million tons, up 2.40%. The seven - region social inventory of zinc ingots decreased by 0.13% [7]. Nickel - **Price and Basis**: SMM 1 electrolytic nickel rose to 122300 yuan/ton, up 0.53%. The cost of integrated MHP to produce electrowon nickel decreased by 4.16% [9]. - **Supply and Inventory**: In May, China's refined nickel production was 35350 tons, down 2.62%. SHFE inventory decreased by 1.51% [9]. Stainless Steel - **Price and Spread**: The price of 304/2B (Wuxi Hongwang 2.0 coil) remained at 12700 yuan/ton. The monthly spread of some contracts changed [11]. - **Fundamental Data**: In May, the production of 300 - series stainless - steel crude steel in China was 179.12 million tons, up 0.36%. The social inventory of 300 - series decreased by 0.28% [11]. Tin - **Spot Price and Basis**: SMM 1 tin rose to 269000 yuan/ton, up 1.20%. The import profit and loss was - 14640.51 yuan/ton [12]. - **Fundamental Data**: In May, tin ore imports were 13449 tons, up 36.39%. SMM refined tin production was 14840 tons, down 2.37% [12]. Lithium Carbonate - **Price and Basis**: SMM battery - grade lithium carbonate rose to 61150 yuan/ton, up 0.91%. The basis was - 2190 yuan/ton [14]. - **Fundamental Data**: In May, lithium carbonate production was 72080 tons, down 2.34%. The total inventory increased by 1.49% [14].