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中金:美国还能“扛多久”?
中金点睛· 2025-05-25 23:32
点击小程序查看报告原文 4月至今,特朗普的关税政策经历了一系列"戏剧性"变化, 对华"对等关税"从4月2日宣布加征的34%,逐步加码至"非理性"的125%,再降至中美会谈后甚 至比预期更低的10%(《 中美关税"降级"的资产含义 》)。市场也是如此,从关税宣布后的大跌到目前已经完全修复失地,就好像关税带来的影响"从没 发生过一样"。 图表:美国对中国本轮关税由145%降至30%,另外24%暂缓90天执行 资料来源:PIIE,中金公司研究部 关税政策如同"儿戏"般的变化,固然有特朗普自身执政风格的鲜明烙印,但也有不得不向现实低头的约束,因为如此高的关税对中美而言都是无法长期承 受的。 因此,关税从一个几乎等于"贸易禁运"的非理性水平降至一个"可贸易可谈判"的水平,虽然在时点和幅度上是无法预知的偶然,但几乎也是现实 的必然, 否则美国通胀、经济和金融市场都会面临很大压力,4月中下旬"股债汇三杀"就是市场的预演(《 上次"股债汇三杀"发生了什么? 》)。 图表:"对等关税"以来,美国4月中下旬出现股债汇"三杀" 资料来源:Bloomberg,中金公司研究部 往前看,关税政策进展大概率依然存在很大变数,不排除还会反复 ...
中金:并购重组新征程
中金点睛· 2025-05-25 23:32
点击小程序查看报告原文 并购重组新规正式落地 去年4月以来并购重组制度持续优化,市场关注度逐步提升。新"国九条"[1]提出"多措并举活跃并购重组市场","科技 十六条"、"科创板八条"等均体现对科创企业并购重组的支持。去年9月24日,证监会发布《关于深化上市公司并购重 组市场改革的意见》("并购六条"),并就修改《上市公司重大资产重组管理办法》征求意见。今年5月16日,本轮修 订正式落地[2],同日沪[3]深[4]交易所也正式修订《重大资产重组审核规则》,修改内容主要包括: ► 建立重组股份对价分期支付机制, 将申请一次注册、分期发行股份购买资产的注册决定有效期延长至48 个月。我 们认为分期支付机制有助于减轻收购方的资金压力,同时也降低了一次性估值带来的风险,尤其有助于成长性强但业 绩不确定性较高的科创企业参与并购重组交易。 ► 提高对财务状况变化、同业竞争和关联交易监管的包容度。 我们认为这一改动一方面更加适应新兴行业特点,包容 进行大量研发投入但尚未形成稳定盈利的早期科创企业,有助于推动科创企业参与并购重组;另一方面也有助于企业 实施同行业、上下游的并购重组,从而达到扩大规模效应、提升产业链优势、实现产 ...
中金《秒懂研报》 | 智能驾驶:引领出行变革的新时代
中金点睛· 2025-05-24 08:32
Group 1: Core Viewpoints - The article discusses the rapid development and potential of intelligent driving technology, highlighting its transformative impact on urban mobility and the automotive industry [1][2][3]. Group 2: Technology Engine Behind Intelligent Driving - The end-to-end architecture is a significant innovation in intelligent driving, reducing data annotation difficulty and optimizing data processing through unique algorithms, which enhances vehicle responsiveness to road conditions [2][3]. - The introduction of visual language models and cloud models improves the system's ability to handle complex scenarios, akin to equipping vehicles with sharper "eyes" [3]. Group 3: Current Development of Intelligent Driving - The high-speed Navigation on Autopilot (NOA) feature is expected to be scaled up in 2024, becoming a standard for intelligent driving vehicles priced above 200,000 yuan [5]. - The penetration rate of urban NOA is projected to reach 6.5% in 2024, driven by increased consumer acceptance and reduced costs, expanding its availability to more consumers [7]. Group 4: Business Model of Intelligent Driving - The L2++ intelligent driving software faces challenges in charging fees due to low consumer willingness to pay, leading most automakers to standardize systems to accumulate users and data [11]. - Some leading automakers are exploring buyout or subscription payment models, with promotional activities to attract customers [11][12]. Group 5: Benefits of Urban NOA - Urban NOA is expected to drive sales of high-configured, high-margin models, as consumers are likely to prefer higher-end vehicles once the technology gains market acceptance [13][14]. - The overlap in technology requirements between Robotaxi and urban NOA is anticipated to enhance intelligent driving system capabilities, potentially leading to a shift towards mobility services by 2025 [15]. Group 6: Globalization of Intelligent Driving Industry - China's late start in intelligent driving is countered by rapid development, with domestic companies gaining advantages in technology and production experience, positioning them favorably in the global market [16]. - Collaborations between joint venture automakers and domestic intelligent driving companies are expected to facilitate access to international projects and opportunities for global expansion [16][17].
中金研究 | 本周精选:宏观、策略
中金点睛· 2025-05-24 00:57
Strategy - Current sentiment in the Hong Kong stock market has recovered to last October's high, but lacks catalysts from sentiment, interest rates, and fundamentals in the short term [3] - Although tariff negotiations have progressed better than expected, the urgency for policy intervention has decreased, leading to insufficient internal economic momentum and persistent external uncertainties [3] - Southbound capital inflows have slowed, and active foreign capital continues to flow out, despite the Hong Kong Monetary Authority injecting nearly 130 billion HKD into liquidity [3] - The increase in placements and IPOs may dilute liquidity, suggesting that the market may experience fluctuations or pullbacks before more catalysts emerge [3] - The strategy of "actively intervening during low periods and taking profits during exuberance" remains appropriate, with opportunities to enter at lower costs after adjustments in existing holdings [3] Economic Data - April economic data shows a slowdown in year-on-year growth, with industrial value-added and service production indices at 6.1% and 6.0% respectively [12] - Export growth has slowed due to tariff impacts, with the value of exports from large industrial enterprises increasing by only 0.9% year-on-year [12] - Retail sales in April grew by 5.1% year-on-year, supported by policies like the "old-for-new" program, although some categories like furniture and automobiles saw declines [12] - Fixed asset investment for January to April accumulated a year-on-year growth of 4.0%, with equipment investment showing a significant increase of 18.2% [12] Industry Capacity Cycle - The importance of capacity cycles in industry allocation has increased, with a strong correlation between industry performance and capacity cycles over the past three years [15] - A decline in capital expenditure among non-financial enterprises by 4.9% year-on-year indicates a shift towards negative growth in capital spending, impacting capacity construction and expansion [15] - Some industries are beginning to see improvements in fundamentals, with new demand catalyzing a resumption of capital expenditure growth, presenting potential investment opportunities [15]
信息洪流,如何“熵减”?中金点睛大模型为投研效率加码
中金点睛· 2025-05-24 00:57
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emergence of the CICC Insight Model, designed to enhance research efficiency in the financial sector by providing accurate, reliable, and in-depth research content amidst the vast amount of AI-generated information [1][5]. Group 1: Application Scenarios - The CICC Insight Model serves three main application scenarios: improving data accuracy, delivering core investment insights, and extracting comprehensive meeting value while ensuring user privacy [1]. - It integrates 120,000 high-quality indicators and comprehensive financial data from listed companies, enabling precise matching of important investment variables and visualizing results effectively [1][2]. Group 2: AI Search and Information Accuracy - The model addresses the challenge of content accuracy in AI-generated information by incorporating leading domestic reasoning models and leveraging CICC analysts' accumulated research frameworks [2]. - It emphasizes the importance of structured thinking and the ability to trace information sources, ensuring that key influencing factors are summarized effectively [3]. Group 3: Intelligent Meeting Summaries - The model supports bilingual meeting recognition and outputs a concise summary in both Chinese and English [4]. - It can extract Q&A information from meetings and respond to further inquiries, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of meeting highlights [5]. Group 4: Privacy and Accessibility - The model guarantees user privacy by physically deleting files within 24 hours, ensuring no residual data is left [5]. - It is accessible through a mini-program and can be integrated via API or localized connections, enhancing user experience [7][8].
中金 • 全球研究 | 中金看日银#61:日本国债是否危险
中金点睛· 2025-05-22 23:53
点击小程序查看报告原文 日本央行(正式名称:日本银行,Bank of Japan,简称"日银")对全球金融市场有着重要影响,2022年1月以来,我们开启"中金看日银"相关系列报告,持 续追踪日本央行动向,目前已相继发布了61篇报告(详情参考文末《中金看日银》系列报告一览表)。 结论:近期日本长端利率受石破首相的发言而明显上升,但我们认为相关影响或会逐步消退。我们认为未来长端利率若继续大幅明显上升,则存在日本央 行临时增加购债来平稳市场的可能性。基本面方面,在通胀背景下日本政府为最大受益主体,日本财政的状况在过去数年边际明显改善,我们认为或无需 过度担心日本国债的风险。 事件: 5月20日,日本财务省举行的20年期国债拍卖结果出炉,投标倍数仅为2.5倍,远低于上个月的2.96倍,创下2012年以来的最低纪录,而尾差(平均 价格与最低成交价之间的差距)则飙升至1.14日元,为1987年9月以来的最高水准。拍卖结束后,二级市场中的最新发行的30年债与40年债的利率也突破了 历史新高(注:日本30年、40年债发行历史较短,皆始于90年代日本泡沫经济崩溃之后)。截至5月19日,日本10、20、30、40年利率分别升至1 ...
中金:美债、日债,与全球流动性趋紧
中金点睛· 2025-05-22 23:53
点击小程序查看报告原文 当地时间5月21日,20年期美债拍卖遇冷,中标利率升破5%,投标倍数跌至2.46[1],引爆市场恐慌,美国市场再度出现股债汇"三杀",10年期美债利率一 度突破上行阻力位4.6%。同样的,5月20日日本国债拍卖结果也较冷,20年期投标倍数跌至历史低位2.5,10年日债利率站上1.5%[2]。我们认为, 美、日 债同步拍卖遇冷、利率上行,可能反映了当前全球流动性趋紧,而作为重要融资货币,日元流动性不足带来的外溢效应可能加速美国股债汇"三杀"。 我 们再次提示,随着特朗普"美丽大法案"(one big beautiful bill)通过在即,美债上限问题得到解决后,财政部可能 在 7-9月集中投放新增美债,美国市场 遭受系统性流动性冲击的风险上升,美联储开启QE等扩表政策来救市的迫切性正在提升 (参见《 美国流动性冲击 、重启QE与主权财富基金 》)。 全球流动性收紧 2022年6月以来,主要发达国家央行同步开启QT。较2022年二季度,2024年底美、日、欧、英四大央行的资产占本地GDP比例分别下滑了12.1、14.0、 29.3和17.6个百分点,如果仅考虑狭义流动性[3],比例则分别 ...
中金 | 营养健康食品:市场分层及竞争要素解析
中金点睛· 2025-05-21 23:57
中金研究 我们认为国内营养健康食品行业长期发展潜力大。规模上,我国营养健康食品行业规模超350亿美元,行业增速较快。格局上,当前我国营养健康食品 行业集中度不高,我们认为部分下游品牌及中游代工龙头有望凭借其优势持续提升份额。我们认为行业呈现分层,品质市场以"大单品+研发优势"构建 护城河,新消费市场重在"需求洞察+品类创新+线上化"能力。 点击小程序查看报告原文 Abstract 市场机遇:我国营养健康食品规模大增速快,但行业集中度有所下行。 规模上, 据欧睿数据,2024年全球营养健康食品市场规模为1,868亿美元,中国市 场占比19%且2010-2024年规模CAGR为9.1%,驱动因素包括:1)需求端:健康意识提升、人口老龄化趋势、Z世代客群渗透;2)供给端:产品功能细分 化。 格局上, 据欧睿数据,中国营养健康食品行业CR5由2015年的32.2%降至2024年的25.8%,而新消费品牌随着线上占比的提升加速渗透,2016至2023 年行业长尾品牌份额由35%增长至42%。我们认为部分优秀的下游品牌有望通过拓渠道及创新品进一步提升份额,同时中游代工龙头企业有望凭借综合竞 争实力与各品牌合作提高份额。 ...
中金 | 十年展望(六):助力经济内循环,再论汽车政策工具箱
中金点睛· 2025-05-20 23:44
中金研究 汽车工业是我国国民经济发展的支柱产业,对于拉动经济、稳定内需、贡献税收、创造就业发挥重要作用。我国自2000年开始进入汽车消费普及期,为了 稳定内需,国家和地方层面出台一系列政策措施,包括税收政策、补贴政策、放宽或取消限购等。 在国内经济稳增长和全球化逆风的背景下,汽车行业是政策发力稳定内需的重要抓手。伴随国内汽车销量逐步恢复,接近2017年高点,如何充分释放 车市潜能,制定有效的刺激政策尤为重要。 点击小程序查看报告原文 Abstract 稳定汽车消费的政策工具丰富,购置税和以旧换新刺激力度大。 1)税收政策:目前征税集中在流通环节,对使用环节征税较少。购置税减征刺激效果突 出,其他税负减征空间较小。2)补贴政策:此类工具阻力更低、支出更可控、细则更灵活,包括汽车下乡、以旧换新、购置补贴等。以旧换新同时促进 汽车消费和节能减排,是近两年"两新"工作的重点内容。3)限购政策:探索逐步放宽限购为政策导向,我们测算限购区域大约影响购车需求超过650万 辆。 央地协同政策效果突出,需要关注新能源政策平缓退出。 复盘历史四轮大规模稳定汽车消费政策,中央财政提供有力支持。2009-2010年和2015-201 ...
中金 | 宏观探市5月报:汇率仍是核心
中金点睛· 2025-05-19 23:40
点击小程序查看报告原文 Abstract 美国方面,特朗普政府上任以来持续的不确定性促使美国经济边际转弱。一季度GDP环比年化增速-0.3%,低于预期的0.3%和前值2.4%,消费走 低,企业大幅增加进口。不过美国经济虽然上行乏力,但下行也有底。居民只是延缓消费而非无力消费,企业虽预期走弱,但并未减少雇佣,劳动 力市场基本稳健,地产需求也相对平稳。贸易不确定引发4月全球资本市场剧烈震荡,尤其罕见的美国股债汇"三杀"(详见 《特朗普"大重置":债 务化解、脱虚向实、美元贬值》 )。连续美债"杀"加速了政策调整,4月9日特朗普宣布对等关税延期90天,贸易谈判开启,助推市场在4月下旬开 始修复。我们认为,中美日内瓦经贸会谈联合声明释放乐观信号,修复趋势有望在未来一个月持续。同时我们提示,美债上限立法最快可能在6月 通过,7月开始美债净融资规模可能较大,并引发流动性紧缩风险(详见 《美国流动性冲击、重启QE与主权财富基金》 )。 国内方面,4月国内市场受海外超预期关税政策影响,中国股市先抑后扬,整体呈现出较强的韧性。 4月8日,中央汇金公司表示将发挥类"平准基 金"作用,且央行表示将在必要时向中央汇金公司提供再贷款支 ...