以下文章来源于油市小蓝莓 ，作者朱晓宇 油市小蓝莓 . 紫金天风期货能化团队 文 | 朱晓宇 来源 | 紫金天风期货研究所 编辑 | 杨兰 审核 | 浦电路交易员 观点小结 观点小结 核心观点：中性 基本面，检修回归，PVC开工回升，整体库存继续去化；估值低位。关注国内是否有政策出台及实质影响；策略09低 买且滚动。 月差：中性 9-1月差近期震荡走强。 原料支撑：中性偏空 1）电石负荷及价格下滑，乌海电石报2250元/吨。2）兰炭中料报615元/吨，持平上周。 供给：中性 国内开工回升。PVC粉整体开工率为74.60%，环比提升1.49个百分点；其中电石法PVC粉开工率为75.71%，环比提升 2.52个百分点；乙烯法PVC粉开工率为71.71%，环比下降1.19个百分点。 需求：中性偏空 1）下游制品开工微降。2）出口：近端出口平平。3）产业链去库。 利润：中性偏多 单PVC利润低位，综合利润分化。电石一体化吨利-1161元，山东外购电石法吨利-1095元；华北乙烯法利润311元/ 吨。西北综合利润-390元/吨，华北综合利润-524元/吨，双吨价差3048元。 宏观：中性 海外不确定性强，关注国内可能刺 ...

Key Points - The article discusses significant changes in agricultural commodities, particularly wheat, soybean oil, palm oil, sugar, and livestock prices, highlighting the impact of weather conditions and policy changes on market dynamics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Group 1: Wheat and Corn Market - Wheat is being harvested earlier due to drought conditions, with quality issues overshadowing potential yield reductions, leading to a 3% decline in corn futures as seasonal demand weakens [1][8]. - The U.S. biodiesel policy is uncertain, with potential RVO increases not materializing, causing a drop in soybean oil prices [1][8]. Group 2: Sugar Market Dynamics - The issuance of processing sugar quotas and sustained high import processing profits are putting pressure on Zhengzhou sugar prices [2][6]. - Domestic sugar pricing is influenced by policy shifts, with a notable decrease in imports of syrup and premixed powder, leading to a tighter domestic supply [11][12][13]. Group 3: Livestock and Egg Prices - The supply of eggs and pigs is expected to increase, resulting in a decline in prices due to high certainty in supply growth [2][4]. - Monitoring of egg-laying hen stocks and culling is crucial to understanding the profit cycle for egg production [3][4]. Group 4: Palm Oil Market - Malaysian palm oil production is expected to decline in the latter half of May, with estimates ranging from a 1% to 3% decrease compared to the previous month, providing some support to palm oil prices [4][9]. - India's palm oil imports are projected to rise, providing support to production prices, but overall, there is a need for increased exports to China to manage seasonal production pressures [5][9]. Group 5: Soybean and Meal Market - Domestic soybean oil consumption is constrained by crushing profits, limiting the potential for significant consumption growth [3][4]. - The soybean meal futures market is expected to outperform the spot market, with a weakening basis creating an opportunity for reverse hedging [3][4]. Group 6: Market Sentiment and Future Outlook - The market may be overly concerned about the annual corn supply gap, with the next few weeks being critical for assessing inventory levels and price trends [3][4]. - The sugar market is anticipated to face downward pressure due to global oversupply, with predictions of a surplus in the upcoming years [11][12][13].

Core Viewpoints - The macroeconomic landscape last week lacked significant data guidance, with trade tensions once again dominating the market, leading to a somewhat chaotic situation [1][3] - COMEX gold and silver prices experienced declines of 2.17% and 1.68% respectively, while COMEX copper saw a decrease of 3.35% [2][4] Group 1: Precious Metals Market - COMEX gold and silver fluctuated within the range of $3269 to $3385 per ounce and $32.8 to $33.8 per ounce respectively, with gold prices down by 1.8% and silver by 1.7% [21][22] - The market's risk appetite fluctuated due to the back-and-forth nature of tariff expectations, with a rebound in precious metal prices following Trump's threats to impose 50% tariffs on steel and aluminum [4][21] - The long-term outlook for gold remains positive due to ongoing uncertainties abroad and the supportive credit logic of the dollar [52] Group 2: Base Metals Market - COMEX copper prices showed a strong upward trend, primarily driven by concerns over potential tariffs on copper [5][6] - The copper concentrate TC weekly index was reported at -$43.80 per dry ton, indicating a stable market despite limited trading activity [8] - Domestic electrolytic copper inventories decreased to 139,300 tons, reflecting a reduction in market arrivals and a general lack of significant supply increases [14] Group 3: Inventory and Positioning - COMEX gold inventory increased by approximately 0.1 million ounces to 38.79 million ounces, while COMEX silver inventory decreased by about 690,000 ounces [36] - SPDR gold ETF holdings rose by 7.7 tons to 930 tons, indicating a shift in market positioning [41] - Non-commercial long positions in COMEX gold decreased by 3,975 contracts, while short positions fell by 14,178 contracts, suggesting a cautious market sentiment [41][42]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the market risks are primarily stemming from the U.S., particularly due to Trump's erratic policies, which have increased economic friction. The dollar is expected to weaken, and this trend will gain more recognition over time, while U.S. stocks remain high [1][29]. - Recent developments indicate that tariffs are showing signs of improvement, as a U.S. trade court ruled that Trump's tariffs were illegal, leading to a significant surge in U.S. stocks [9][10]. - The A-shares and Hong Kong stocks are becoming safe-haven assets, with capital flowing into the Hong Kong market, evidenced by a dramatic drop in Hibor rates from 4 to near 0 [2][25]. Group 2 - The volatility in the market has been heightened due to geopolitical tensions and tariff-related shocks, with the VIX index experiencing its fastest rise in history [6][11]. - Despite a slowing fundamental backdrop, liquidity is returning to the Hong Kong market, suggesting that Hong Kong stocks may reach new highs in the second half of the year [2][28]. - The dollar's current account deficit has reached unprecedented levels, indicating a likely continued weakening of the dollar, which is shifting from a safe-haven to a risk asset [18][20]. Group 3 - The relationship between A-shares and precious metals like gold and silver has evolved, with A-shares now reflecting safe-haven characteristics, particularly in the context of recent market downturns [21][22]. - The influx of capital into the Hong Kong market is significant, with a notable increase in the monetary base, suggesting a robust liquidity environment that could support further market gains [25][27]. - The market's response to the potential resolution of tariff issues could positively impact inflation expectations, as the worst-case scenarios may already be priced in [11][12].

以下文章来源于川阅全球宏观 ，作者邵翔、张云杰 川阅全球宏观 . 卖方宏观研究，舞动漫天彩绸固然是一种本事，剪取庭前小枝也需要视角与功底。 文 | 邵翔 关云杰 来源 | 川阅全球宏观 编辑 | 杨兰 审核 | 浦电路交易员 特朗普正在为前期的"一意孤行"付出代价。 百日新政之后，贸易谈判不顺利，俄乌和谈频繁打脸，美债压力居高不下，今天美国国际 贸易法院再来"背刺"一刀，要求撤销滥用《国际紧急经济权力法案》（IEEPA）而落地的关税。对此，我们回答几个问题： 效力如何？ 法律判决的规格不低。 美国国际贸易法院属于美国联邦法院，法官需要总统任命、国会通过。该法院依据美国宪法第三条设立，位于纽约 市，具有全国范围的管辖权。主要审理关税、进口税、贸易壁垒等纠纷，并审查与贸易法规相关的行政决定。 上升到宪法和分权的高度。 用MAGA擅长的宏观叙事和"国本"问题反制特朗普，确实稳准狠：税收权力归国会，这是西方民主国家的重要 制度基础之一；总统在贸易关税上"独断"的权力过大，威胁到美国分权的传统。 其实今年美国国会已经有所动作。4月参议院提出两党法案《2025贸易审查法案》，旨在限制总统单方面征收关税的权力，但由于共和党 ...

Core Viewpoint - The World Bank's report on commodity cycles post-COVID-19 indicates a significant shift in the frequency and volatility of commodity price cycles, suggesting a new era in commodity market dynamics [1][42]. Group 1: Commodity Price Cycles - Over the past 55 years, 27 types of commodities have experienced an average of 14 turning points, approximately every four years [37]. - The average duration of booms is 38 months, while recessions last an average of 52 months, indicating that recessions tend to last longer than booms [29][37]. - The average amplitude of price changes during booms and recessions is roughly similar, suggesting symmetrical price volatility [29][37]. Group 2: Historical Price Fluctuations - The study identifies three distinct periods of commodity price fluctuations: 1970-1985, 1986-2001, and 2002-2024, each characterized by different dynamics and influencing factors [8][12][41]. - The first period (1970-1985) was marked by significant volatility due to supply shocks, particularly in the energy market, with an average boom duration of 31 months and a longer recession period [8][12]. - The second period (1986-2001) exhibited more stability, with longer average durations for both booms (47 months) and recessions (56 months), attributed to technological advancements and market liberalization [12][41]. - The third period (2002 onwards) saw a resurgence in volatility driven by demand shocks from emerging markets, with shorter average durations for both booms (35 months) and recessions (46 months) [13][41]. Group 3: Post-Pandemic Commodity Behavior - Since 2020, the average duration of boom phases has decreased to 24 months, and recession durations have halved to 23 months, indicating a significant compression of the commodity cycle [16][42]. - The amplitude of price increases during booms has intensified, averaging 113%, while the severity of price declines during recessions has decreased to 79% [17][42]. - Various factors, including macroeconomic shocks, geopolitical tensions, and climate-related disruptions, have contributed to the observed deviations from historical commodity price patterns [17][19][42]. Group 4: Long-Term Trends and Structural Changes - The global energy transition is driving sustained demand for key minerals like lithium, copper, and nickel, exerting upward pressure on their prices [19][20]. - Increasingly frequent extreme weather events are heightening supply risks, particularly for agricultural commodities, which remain highly sensitive to climate conditions [19][20]. - The slowdown of global integration has led to increased geopolitical fragmentation, marked by trade barriers and sanctions, which disrupt commodity markets and contribute to price volatility [20][42].

Group 1 - The article discusses the definition and classification of pure benzene, highlighting its significance as a basic petrochemical raw material and its carcinogenic properties [2][8]. - Pure benzene is categorized into two types: petroleum benzene and coking benzene, with distinct production processes and quality standards [5][8]. - The quality standards for petroleum benzene and coking benzene are specified, including purity levels and allowable impurities [6][7]. Group 2 - The production processes for pure benzene include reforming, cracking, and toluene disproportionation, with various sources contributing to its supply [11][12]. - The global pure benzene production capacity is projected to reach 83.31 million tons by 2024, with a year-on-year increase of 3.2% [29]. - China’s pure benzene capacity is expected to be 25.73 million tons by 2024, with a growth rate of 6.9% [31]. Group 3 - China is a net importer of pure benzene, with imports expected to reach 3.768 million tons in 2024, a 31.1% increase year-on-year [40]. - The global demand for pure benzene is projected to be 65.2 million tons in 2024, with Northeast Asia being the primary consumption region [45]. - In China, pure benzene consumption exceeds 25 million tons, with major downstream products including styrene and caprolactam [50][51].

文 | 江 露 来 源 | C F C 金 属 研 究 编 辑 | 杨 兰 审 核 | 浦 电 路 交 易 员 正 文 | 黄金 | 白银 | 铜 | 铝 | 氧化铝 | 锌 | 镇 | 锡 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 27. 0% | 9.3% | 4.9% | -1.5% | -35. 6% | -12. 8% | -0.7% | 6.7% | | 碳酸锂 | 工业研 | 多晶硅 | 硅铁/锰硅 | 螺纹钢 | 热卷 | 煤焦 | 铁矿石 | | -15. 2% | -24. 1% | -15. 4% | -12. 4%/- 5.3% | -8.2% | -7.4% | -23.9%/- 19. 4% | -10. 7% | 2.1 宏观展望:康波视角下当前周期判断 ◆ 目前已步入萧条:衰退时点为2009年,萧条转换点在2019年 图表:康波周期的划分 | 康波 | 繁荣 | 裹退 | 萧条 | 复苏 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 第一轮(纺织工业和 | 1782~1802 | 181 ...

Core Viewpoint - The supply-demand dynamics indicate a continuation of a loose market environment, characterized by increased production and imports against weak demand and high inventory levels. Price expectations suggest that rubber prices may continue to fluctuate downwards, with a potential further contraction in the RU-NR price spread [1][25]. Supply Side - From January to April, China's natural rubber production increased by 26.15% year-on-year, currently in a seasonal growth phase. However, frequent rainfall in domestic production areas has delayed the concentration of raw material supply, leading to strong raw material prices as processing plants rush to collect materials. Improvement in weather conditions is anticipated to alleviate the tight supply situation [4]. - In early May, Thailand announced a one-month delay in tapping, but production has since resumed, with a year-on-year increase of 4.39% from January to April. Vietnam's production also saw a year-on-year increase of 2.10% during the same period. Although initial raw material output is slow due to weather disturbances, entering the peak production season may strengthen raw material supply expectations [4]. Demand Side - As of May 22, the operating rate for semi-steel tires was 73.74%, up 2.53% month-on-month but down 6.35% year-on-year. The operating rate for all-steel tires was 62.09%, up 2.21% month-on-month but down 4.11% year-on-year. The decline in rubber prices has led to increased caution among downstream producers, with only essential purchases being maintained. Despite a slight increase in production and sales of passenger vehicles, overall demand growth remains slow, and tire companies are facing high finished product inventories, which may lead to a downward adjustment in future operating rates [15][25]. - According to customs data, tire export figures for April showed a month-on-month decline, with all-steel tire exports down 5.43% and semi-steel tire exports down 10.39%. Although previous US-China negotiations had a positive impact on the market, strict tariff policies on Southeast Asian regions may continue to challenge tire export trade [23]. Market Outlook - The overall supply-demand situation remains loose, with expectations of increased natural rubber supply and high inventory levels in downstream tire companies, leading to a strong likelihood of downward adjustments in operating rates. The slow growth in terminal demand makes it difficult for upward price transmission, suggesting that rubber prices may continue to experience downward fluctuations, with the RU-NR price spread likely to contract [25].

Group 1: Overview of the Casting Aluminum Alloy Industry - The casting aluminum alloy is the most widely used non-ferrous metal material in China, primarily composed of aluminum with added metal or non-metal elements to enhance its properties [5] - The industry is divided into primary aluminum alloys and recycled aluminum alloys, with the latter being produced from scrap aluminum [5] - ADC12 is a key grade of recycled casting aluminum alloy, accounting for approximately 10% of the total primary aluminum production [5][7] Group 2: Recycled Aluminum Alloy Industry Chain - The upstream of the recycled aluminum alloy industry chain consists of scrap aluminum recycling enterprises, with sources mainly from construction, transportation, and electrical sectors [6] - The midstream involves recycled aluminum production companies that process scrap aluminum into alloy ingots through various stages [6] - The downstream market sees recycled aluminum primarily in the form of casting aluminum alloy ingots, which are used extensively in the automotive sector [6] Group 3: Supply Situation of Scrap Aluminum in China - Domestic scrap aluminum supply is primarily sourced from old materials, with an expected total supply exceeding 12 million tons by 2024 [20][21] - The recycling system in China is still developing, with a need for more large-scale and professional recycling enterprises to stabilize supply channels [25] - The import of scrap aluminum has been subject to policy adjustments, with a significant increase in imports expected in 2024 [29][30] Group 4: Supply and Demand Status of Casting Aluminum Alloys - The production of recycled aluminum is projected to grow, with a target of 11.5 million tons by 2025 [37] - The demand for casting aluminum alloys is heavily driven by the automotive industry, which utilizes aluminum for weight reduction and fuel efficiency [54][56] - The current production capacity of recycled casting aluminum alloys is around 1.2 million tons, with ADC12 accounting for a significant portion of this production [38] Group 5: Price Trends of Casting Aluminum Alloys - The price of ADC12 generally follows the trend of primary aluminum prices, with a strong correlation observed [71] - The industry has faced low profit margins due to overcapacity, with average profits reported at -25 yuan per ton in 2024 [71] - The introduction of futures contracts for casting aluminum alloys is expected to enhance price discovery and provide risk management tools for market participants [78] Group 6: Futures Contract Details - The Shanghai Futures Exchange will launch a futures contract for casting aluminum alloys on June 10, 2025, with specific trading parameters outlined [79][80] - The contract will have a trading unit of 10 tons and a minimum price fluctuation of 5 yuan per ton [80] - Delivery will be based on specific quality standards, ensuring compliance with established chemical composition requirements [82]